Nokea
What is the mechanism of the placebo effect?
- A. Individual believes a treatment method will be effective
- B. Individual believes that the treatment is spiritual in nature
- C. Individual believes the physician and his or her capabilities
- D. Individual believes that the treatment method is without pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The placebo effect occurs when an individual believes a treatment will work, leading to psychological and physiological improvements due to positive expectations.
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During pulmonary hygiene for a client with pneumonia, a nurse positions the client on his left side in Trendelenburg position. From which of the following lung segments should the nurse expect secretions to be mobilized with the client in this position?
- A. Lateral segment of the left lower lobe
- B. Lateral segment of the right lower lobe
- C. Posterior segment of the right middle lobe
- D. Posterior segment of the right lower lobe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lateral segment of the right lower lobe. In Trendelenburg position on the left side, gravity helps drain secretions from the right lung's lateral segments more effectively. The right lower lobe's lateral segment is the most dependent part of the lung in this position, facilitating secretion mobilization. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the gravitational effect in Trendelenburg position on the left side, making secretion mobilization less efficient in those segments.
Mary presents difficulty breathing, fatigue, orthopnea, and palpitation, and is diagnosed as having aortic insufficiency. After undergoing aortic valve repair, what medication would you expect her physician to prescribe?
- A. Ativan.
- B. Haldol.
- C. Heparin.
- D. Thorazine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anticoagulation is often required post-valve repair to prevent clot formation.
How should the nurse position Mr. Jones’ chest drainage unit while he is transported?
- A. Below the chest level
- B. On the stretcher
- C. The unit should be removed
- D. The tubes should be clamped
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Below the chest level. Positioning the chest drainage unit below the chest level allows for effective drainage of air or fluid from the chest cavity. Placing it above the chest level may cause backflow or air/fluid accumulation. Option B is incorrect as the unit should be secured to prevent dislodging during transport. Option C is incorrect as removing the unit can lead to complications. Option D is incorrect as clamping the tubes can result in a tension pneumothorax. Positioning the unit below the chest level ensures proper drainage and prevents complications during transport.
What would be the best response by the nurse to a quiet and uncommunicative client?
- A. Think over the following questions.
- B. Discuss them with your instructor or peers.
- C. Acknowledge their feelings and encourage expression.
- D. Offer silence and wait patiently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Silence can provide the client with space to open up when they feel ready, fostering trust and rapport.
When examining a patient who is paralyzed below the T4 level, the medical-surgical nurse expects to find
- A. flaccidity of the upper extremities.
- B. hyperreflexia and spasticity of the upper extremities.
- C. independent use of upper extremities and efficient cough.
- D. impaired diaphragmatic function requiring ventilator support.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients paralyzed below T4 typically retain independent use of upper extremities.