Nokea
What is the medical term for an abnormal increase in white blood cells?
- A. Leukocytosis
- B. Thrombocytosis
- C. Anemia
- D. Hemolysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Leukocytosis. Leukocytosis refers to an abnormal increase in white blood cells, indicating an immune response. Thrombocytosis (B) is an increase in platelets, not white blood cells. Anemia (C) is a decrease in red blood cells. Hemolysis (D) is the breakdown of red blood cells, not related to an increase in white blood cells. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it specifically relates to an abnormal increase in white blood cells.
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Determine the following diseases that are not thought to be an autoimmune disease.
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis
- B. Multiple sclerosis
- C. Cancer of the bone marrow
- D. Insulin-dependent diabetes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Cancer of the bone marrow. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. Rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and insulin-dependent diabetes are autoimmune diseases where the immune system targets specific tissues or organs. Cancer of the bone marrow, on the other hand, is a result of uncontrolled cell growth and division, not a malfunction of the immune system attacking the body's own tissues. Therefore, it is not considered an autoimmune disease.
What percent of clients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) will experience hypotension during a tilt table test,which can eventually be diagnostic for these clients?
- A. 60%
- B. 96%
- C. 80%
- D. 20%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Approximately 96% of clients with CFS experience hypotension during a tilt table test which helps in diagnosing the condition.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- A. Is a retrovirus
- B. Is an RNA virus
- C. Is a lentivirus
- D. All of the above A, B and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: HIV is a retrovirus because it contains RNA as its genetic material and uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA.
Step 2: HIV is an RNA virus because its genetic material is RNA.
Step 3: HIV is a lentivirus which is a subgroup of retroviruses known for causing slow-progressing diseases.
Therefore, the correct answer is D as all statements A, B, and C are true based on the characteristics of HIV.
After teaching a patient with HIV infection about using antiretroviral drugs, the nurse recognizes that further teaching is needed when the patient says
- A. I should never skip doses of my medication, even if I develop side effects.
- B. If my viral load becomes undetectable, I will no longer be able to transmit HIV to others.
- C. I should not use any over-the-counter drugs without checking with my health care provider.
- D. If I develop a constant headache that is not relieved with aspirin or acetaminophen, I should report it within 24 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Even with an undetectable viral load, HIV can still potentially be transmitted, especially during certain activities like unprotected sex.
The joints most commonly involved with rheumatoid arthritis include:
- A. Symmetrical involvement of major joints.
- B. Small joints of hands and feet.
- C. Spine,from the sacrum upward to cervical.
- D. Slightly movable joints of the axial skeleton.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects small joints symmetrically, especially those in the hands and feet. Major joints and axial skeleton involvement occurs but is less characteristic of early disease presentation.