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What is the mode of transmission for Tinea Capitis (ringworm)?
- A. Direct contact with infected personal items such as towels, combs, or hats.
- B. Exposure to worm eggs through bare feet.
- C. Sitting on worm eggs.
- D. Airborne droplet transmission.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tinea Capitis, also known as scalp ringworm, is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected personal items such as towels, combs, or hats. Exposure to worm eggs through bare feet is not a mode of transmission for Tinea Capitis. This is more commonly associated with a different type of parasitic infection known as hookworm. Sitting on worm eggs is not a mode of transmission for Tinea Capitis. This is a misconception and there is no scientific evidence to support this claim. Airborne droplet transmission is not a mode of transmission for Tinea Capitis. Tinea Capitis is caused by a type of fungus, not a virus or bacteria, and it does not spread through the air via droplets.
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A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a fracture to the right femur. Which of the following findings is the nurse's priority?
- A. 2+ right pedal pulse
- B. Tingling in the right foot
- C. Capillary refill less than 2 seconds
- D. Respiratory rate 24/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 2+ right pedal pulse indicates a normal pulse and is not a cause for immediate concern in a child with a femur fracture. Tingling in the right foot could indicate nerve damage or compromised blood flow, which can be a serious complication of a femur fracture. This should be the nurse's priority as it could lead to long-term damage if not addressed promptly. A capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds is considered normal and is not a cause for immediate concern in a child with a femur fracture. A respiratory rate of 24/min is within the normal range for a school-age child and is not a cause for immediate concern in a child with a femur fracture.
A nurse is planning care for a child who has severe diarrhea. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
- A. Assess fluid balance.
- B. Maintain fluid therapy.
- C. Rehydrate.
- D. Introduce a regular diet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing fluid balance is the priority action when caring for a child with severe diarrhea. Diarrhea can lead to significant fluid and electrolyte loss, which can result in dehydration. Early recognition and treatment of dehydration are crucial to prevent further complications. While maintaining fluid therapy is an important part of managing severe diarrhea, the first step should be to assess the child's fluid balance. Rehydration is a key part of the treatment for severe diarrhea, but it should be done after assessing the child's fluid balance. Introducing a regular diet is usually done after the acute phase of diarrhea has resolved and the child's fluid balance has been restored.
The Health Care Provider prescribes Amoxicillin at a dosage of 35mg/kg/dose for a child who weighs 34 lbs. and has Otitis Media. The medication is available in a suspension of 50 mg/ml. What is the total daily dosage in ml for this child?
- A. 10 ml
- B. 20 ml
- C. 30 ml
- D. 40 ml
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1 is to convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms. This is done by dividing the weight in pounds by 2.2, so 34 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 15.45 kg. Step 2 is to calculate the dose in mg. This is done by multiplying the weight in kg by the dosage per kg, so 15.45 kg × 35 mg/kg = 540.75 mg. Step 3 is to convert the dose in mg to ml. This is done by dividing the dose in mg by the concentration of the medication in mg/ml, so 540.75 mg ÷ 50 mg/ml = 10.815 ml. So, the total daily dosage in ml for this child is approximately 10.82 ml, rounded to the nearest hundredth as required.
A nurse is caring for an adolescent following the application of a plaster cast for a fractured right tibia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Discourage the client from ambulating.
- B. Use a hair dryer on a hot setting to dry the cast.
- C. Keep the client's leg in a dependent position.
- D. Perform a neurovascular check of the lower extremities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Discouraging the client from ambulating is not the best action. While it's important to limit weight-bearing activities initially, movement is encouraged to promote circulation and prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis. Using a hair dryer on a hot setting to dry the cast is not recommended. Heat can cause the cast to dry out and crack, and it can also burn the skin. Keeping the client's leg in a dependent position is not advisable. This can lead to increased swelling and pain, and potentially delay healing. Performing a neurovascular check of the lower extremities is the correct action. This involves assessing for pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis. These checks are crucial for monitoring for complications such as compartment syndrome and ensuring the cast is not too tight.
Which statement from a parent of a 1-month-old infant undergoing initial surgery for Hirschsprung's disease indicates understanding of the surgery's goal?
- A. I'm glad that the ostomy is only temporary.'
- B. The operation will straighten out the kink in the intestine.'
- C. I want to learn how to use the feeding tube as soon as possible.'
- D. I'm glad my child will have normal bowel movements now.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The goal of surgery for Hirschsprung disease is to remove the diseased section of the intestine and then pull the healthy portion of this organ down to the anus. This is typically achieved through a type of surgery called a pull-through procedure. In some cases, doctors recommend ostomy surgery of the bowel followed by a pull-through procedure. During ostomy surgery, surgeons create a stoma on a child's abdomen and connect the stoma to the large or small intestine. After ostomy surgery, waste will leave the child's body through the stoma. The stoma is usually temporary. In most cases, surgeons can later close the stoma and connect the healthy part of the intestine to the anus. Waste will move through the intestines, and stool will pass through the anus again. Therefore, the statement 'I'm glad that the ostomy is only temporary' indicates understanding of the surgery's goal. The operation for Hirschsprung's disease does not involve straightening out a kink in the intestine. Instead, it involves removing the part of the large intestine that is missing nerve cells and then connecting the healthy part of the large intestine to the anus. The use of a feeding tube is not typically associated with the initial surgery for Hirschsprung's disease. The surgery involves removing the diseased section of the intestine and then pulling the healthy portion of this organ down to the anus. While the ultimate goal of the surgery is to enable normal bowel movements, it is important to note that about half of children may have ongoing problems after surgery. These problems may include constipation and, in some cases, other symptoms of intestinal obstruction, such as a swollen abdomen or vomiting.