Nokea
A hospital has achieved Magnet status. Which indicators would be consistent with this type of certification?
- A. There is stratification of communication in a directed manner between nursing staff and administration.
- B. There is increased job satisfaction of nurses, with a lower staff turnover rate.
- C. Physicians are certified in their respective specialty areas.
- D. All nurses have baccalaureate degrees and certification in their clinical specialty area.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Magnet status focuses on nursing excellence, including job satisfaction and low turnover rates. A is incorrect as it describes hierarchical communication. C is irrelevant to nursing excellence. D is incorrect as while education and certification are important, they are not mandatory for Magnet status.
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At the present time, which agency governs surrogate parenting?
- A. State law
- B. Federal law
- C. Individual court decision
- D. Protective child services
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: State law. Surrogate parenting laws are primarily regulated at the state level in the United States. Each state has its own laws and regulations regarding the legality and requirements of surrogate parenting arrangements. Federal law does not specifically govern surrogate parenting. While individual court decisions may impact specific cases, they do not set overarching regulations for surrogate parenting. Protective child services focus on the welfare and protection of children in cases of abuse or neglect, not on the legality of surrogate parenting arrangements. Thus, state law is the correct answer as it is the primary authority governing surrogate parenting.
A married couple is discussing alternatives for pregnancy prevention and has asked about fertility awareness methods (FAMs). Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. They're not very effective, and it is very likely that you'll get pregnant.
- B. FAMs can be effective for many couples; however, they require motivation.
- C. These methods have a few advantages and several health risks.
- D. You would be much safer going on the pill and not having to worry.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: FAMs are effective with proper vigilance about ovulatory changes in the body and adherence to coitus intervals. They are effective if correctly used by a woman with a regular menstrual cycle.
Which patient may require more help and understanding when integrating the newborn into the family?
- A. A primipara from an upper income family
- B. A primipara who comes from a large family
- C. A multipara (gravida 2) who has a supportive husband and mother
- D. A multipara (gravida 6) who has two children younger than 3 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a multipara with six pregnancies and two young children may require more help and understanding due to the potential challenges of caring for multiple young children simultaneously. The presence of two children younger than 3 years old indicates that the mother may be experiencing higher levels of stress and demands on her time and energy. This situation could lead to difficulties in integrating the newborn into the family dynamics.
Choice A is incorrect because being from an upper-income family does not necessarily indicate a need for more help and understanding. Choice B is incorrect because coming from a large family does not directly correlate with requiring more assistance when integrating a newborn. Choice C is incorrect because having a supportive husband and mother can provide valuable assistance and may not necessarily indicate a greater need for help compared to the scenario described in choice D.
The most conservative approach for early breast cancer treatment involves lumpectomy followed by which procedure?
- A. Radiation
- B. Adjuvant systemic therapy
- C. Hormonal therapy
- D. Chemotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Radiation therapy is typically used after lumpectomy to treat early-stage breast cancer.
What is a risk factor for breast cancer?
- A. menarche at age 15
- B. family history of diabetes
- C. alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day
- D. history of three vaginal births by age 25
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day. Alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Alcohol can raise estrogen levels in the body, thereby increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. Menarche at age 15 (choice A) is not a risk factor as early menarche is associated with a slightly decreased risk. Family history of diabetes (choice B) and history of three vaginal births by age 25 (choice D) are not directly linked to breast cancer risk.