Nokea
What is the most important intervention when caring for a client with suspected pneumonia?
- A. Administer IV antibiotics
- B. Administer pain medications
- C. Administer antiemetics
- D. Administer antibiotics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer IV antibiotics. Administering IV antibiotics is crucial in treating pneumonia as it helps combat the underlying bacterial infection causing pneumonia. Prompt antibiotic therapy can prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Administering pain medications (B) may help manage symptoms but does not address the root cause. Administering antiemetics (C) may help with nausea and vomiting but does not directly treat pneumonia. Option D is similar to the correct answer but lacks the specificity of IV antibiotics, which are often preferred for severe cases.
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When interviewing a patient, it is important for the nurse to obtain some basic history. Which of the following statements should be explored more fully during an interview? The patient states that he:
- A. Sleeps like a baby.
- B. Has no health problems.
- C. Never did too good in school.
- D. Is currently not taking any medication.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Never did too good in school." This statement should be explored further during an interview because it can provide insights into the patient's educational background, potential learning difficulties, or past experiences that may impact their health literacy or understanding of medical information. Understanding the patient's educational history can help the nurse tailor communication and education strategies effectively.
A: "Sleeps like a baby" is not as critical for further exploration as it pertains to the patient's sleep quality.
B: "Has no health problems" is important information but does not require immediate further exploration.
D: "Is currently not taking any medication" is important for medication reconciliation but does not warrant immediate further exploration in this context.
A patient of African descent is in the critical care unit to be monitored for shock after an accident. What skin characteristics would the nurse expect to find in this patient?
- A. Ruddy blue
- B. Generalized pallor
- C. Ashen, grey, or dull
- D. Patchy areas of pallor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ashen, grey, or dull. In patients of African descent, skin characteristics may appear ashen, grey, or dull when experiencing shock due to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery. This is because the skin may appear pale or lacking in color due to decreased perfusion.
The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Ruddy blue - Ruddy blue skin color is not typically associated with shock in patients of African descent.
B: Generalized pallor - Generalized pallor refers to an overall paleness of the skin, which is not commonly seen in patients of African descent during shock.
D: Patchy areas of pallor - Patchy areas of pallor suggest uneven skin color changes, which are not typically characteristic of shock in patients of African descent.
How many teeth should an 18-month-old child have?
- A. 6
- B. 8
- C. 12
- D. 16
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 12. At 18 months, a child should have 12 teeth, which include 8 incisors and 4 molars. This is because children typically start teething around 6 months, with the lower central incisors coming first. By 18 months, they should have all 8 incisors and usually the first set of molars. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the typical dental development timeline for children. Having only 6, 8, or 16 teeth at 18 months would indicate a delay or abnormality in dental growth.
Which information should a nurse recognize as a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy?
- A. family history of stroke
- B. ovaries removed before age 45
- C. frequent hot flashes and/or night sweats
- D. unexplained vaginal bleeding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: unexplained vaginal bleeding. This is a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy as it may indicate underlying conditions that need to be addressed before starting hormone therapy to avoid potential risks. Vaginal bleeding could be a sign of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer, which can be exacerbated by hormone therapy. Choices A, B, and C are not contraindications for hormone replacement therapy. Family history of stroke may influence the choice of therapy but not necessarily contraindicate it. Ovaries removed before age 45 and frequent hot flashes/night sweats are common indications for hormone replacement therapy to alleviate symptoms of menopause.
What is the most common complication associated with cancer patients taking opioids?
- A. Tolerance
- B. Sedation
- C. Addiction
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sedation. Cancer patients taking opioids commonly experience sedation due to the central nervous system depressant effects of opioids. Opioids can cause drowsiness, fatigue, and decreased alertness. Tolerance (A) is a possible issue but is not the most common complication. Addiction (C) is less common in cancer patients due to the nature of their pain management. Constipation (D) is a common side effect of opioids but is not the most common complication in cancer patients. Sedation is the most prevalent issue affecting the quality of life and daily functioning of cancer patients on opioids.