Nokea
What is the name of the muscle responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?
- A. Bicep
- B. Tricep
- C. Deltoid
- D. Cardiac muscle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle is specifically designed to pump blood throughout the body and is found in the heart. In contrast, the bicep, tricep, and deltoid are skeletal muscles responsible for joint movement, not for pumping blood. The bicep is responsible for elbow flexion, the tricep for elbow extension, and the deltoid for shoulder abduction.
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What is the term for the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance?
- A. Solubility
- B. Miscibility
- C. Immiscibility
- D. Reactivity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Solubility is the property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. When a substance is soluble in another, it means it can form a homogeneous solution by dispersing at a molecular level within the solvent. Miscibility, on the other hand, refers to the ability of two liquids to mix and form a homogeneous solution. Immiscibility indicates the inability of substances to mix to form a homogeneous solution. Reactivity pertains to the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions, which is distinct from the concept of solubility.
What is the scientific name for the building blocks of proteins?
- A. Residues
- B. Monomers
- C. Macromolecules
- D. Peptides
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
- Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids.
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are considered monomers.
- Monomers are the individual units that can be linked together to form larger molecules called polymers.
- In the context of proteins, amino acids are the monomers that are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.
- Residues refer to the specific amino acids within a protein after certain modifications or cleavages have occurred, so it is not the correct term for the building blocks of proteins.
- Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller subunits, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, but they are not the specific building blocks of proteins.
- Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, but they are not the fundamental building blocks of proteins.
Which nitrogenous bases pair with each other in DNA?
- A. A-G and T-C
- B. A-T and C-G
- C. A-T and T-T
- D. C-C and G-G
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In DNA, nitrogenous bases pair with each other in a specific manner known as complementary base pairing. Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). This pairing is essential for maintaining the structure and function of DNA. Option B is the correct answer as it correctly identifies the nitrogenous bases that pair with each other in DNA. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the established base pairing rules in DNA. A-T and C-G are the complementary base pairs in DNA, ensuring the stability and replication fidelity of the genetic material.
Sebaceous glands, located in the dermis, secrete an oily substance called:
- A. Sweat
- B. Sebum
- C. Cerumen
- D. Mucus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sebaceous glands are responsible for secreting an oily substance called sebum, not sweat, cerumen, or mucus. Sebum plays a vital role in lubricating and waterproofing the skin and hair, preventing them from drying out. Sweat glands produce sweat to regulate body temperature. Cerumen is the medical term for earwax, produced by ceruminous glands in the ear canal, while mucus is a slimy substance that protects and lubricates body tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Sebum, as it is the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.
What is the process of cells becoming specialized to perform specific functions called?
- A. Cell division
- B. Cell differentiation
- C. Cell growth
- D. Cell regeneration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions. During differentiation, cells acquire specific structures and functions that allow them to carry out particular roles in the body. Cell division refers to the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell growth is the process by which cells increase in size and number. Cell regeneration is the process by which new cells are produced to replace damaged or lost cells in an organism. Therefore, in this context, the process of cells becoming specialized to perform specific functions is best described as cell differentiation.