Questions for Respiratory System

Questions for Respiratory System Related

Review Questions for Respiratory System related questions and content

What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase in the human body?

  • A. Breakdown of carbohydrates
  • B. Regulation of blood sugar levels
  • C. Facilitation of gas exchange in the lungs
  • D. Catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid-base balance in the body by catalyzing the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. This process is crucial in regulating pH levels in various bodily fluids.

A: Breakdown of carbohydrates - This is not the primary function of carbonic anhydrase. Carbohydrate breakdown is primarily carried out by enzymes like amylase and sucrase.
B: Regulation of blood sugar levels - Carbonic anhydrase does not play a direct role in regulating blood sugar levels, which is mainly controlled by insulin and glucagon.
C: Facilitation of gas exchange in the lungs - While carbonic anhydrase indirectly affects gas exchange by regulating blood pH, its primary function is not to facilitate gas exchange in the lungs.

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Volume of air left after maximum forceful expiration in human lung is

  • A. Total lung capacity
  • B. Residual volume
  • C. Vital capacity
  • D. Tidal volume
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Residual volume. After maximum forceful expiration, residual volume is the volume of air left in the lungs to prevent lung collapse. Total lung capacity (A) is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold. Vital capacity (C) is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. Tidal volume (D) is the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing, not after a forceful expiration.

A 25-year-old nonsmoker who is normally in good health reports having a bad cough for the past 3 weeks. He has crackles and rhonchi, and shows the physician a small clear plastic container that has discolored, blood-tinged sputum that he produced this morning. What would the physician want to rule out?

  • A. Lung cancer.
  • B. The flu.
  • C. Pneumonia.
  • D. Asthma.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Pneumonia). The symptoms described—persistent cough, crackles, rhonchi, and blood-tinged sputum—are indicative of pneumonia. Lung cancer (A) is less likely in a young nonsmoker. The flu (B) typically does not cause blood-tinged sputum. Asthma (D) does not usually present with these specific findings.

The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is

  • A. greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest
  • B. less than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest
  • C. equal to the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest
  • D. equal to the sum of partial pressures from carbon dioxide and nitrogen
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the partial pressure of oxygen decreases with increasing altitude due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure. At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is higher, resulting in a higher partial pressure of oxygen compared to the top of Mt. Everest. Choice B is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen is not higher at higher altitudes. Choice C is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen is not equal at sea level and Mt. Everest. Choice D is incorrect because the question specifically asks about the partial pressure of oxygen only, not the sum of partial pressures from other gases.

Which class of medications is commonly prescribed to manage symptoms and improve outcomes in heart failure?

  • A. Antibiotics
  • B. Antidepressants
  • C. Beta-blockers
  • D. Antihistamines
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Beta-blockers. Beta-blockers are commonly prescribed in heart failure to manage symptoms and improve outcomes by reducing the heart's workload and improving its efficiency. They help lower blood pressure, decrease heart rate, and improve heart function. Antibiotics (A) are used to treat bacterial infections, not heart failure. Antidepressants (B) are used for mental health conditions, not heart failure. Antihistamines (D) are used to treat allergies, not heart failure.

An oxygen delivery system is prescribed for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to deliver a precise oxygen concentration. Which of the following types of oxygen delivery systems would the nurse anticipate to be prescribed?

  • A. Face mask
  • B. Venturi mask
  • C. Aerosol mask
  • D. Tracheostomy collar
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Venturi mask. The Venturi mask delivers a precise oxygen concentration by mixing oxygen with room air through different sized ports, allowing for accurate oxygen delivery. This is important for patients with COPD who require specific oxygen levels to prevent oxygen toxicity or hypoxemia.

A: Face mask delivers a less precise oxygen concentration and may not be suitable for patients who require exact oxygen levels.
C: Aerosol mask is used for delivering medications or humidified air, not for precise oxygen concentration.
D: Tracheostomy collar is used for patients with a tracheostomy and is not typically used for delivering precise oxygen concentration in COPD.

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