Nokea
Which statement made by a client with coronary artery disease after the nurse has completed teaching about the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet indicates that further teaching is needed?
- A. I enjoy eating 1/4 cup of walnuts every day.
- B. I will switch from whole milk to skim milk.
- C. I can have a glass of wine with dinner every night.
- D. I like red meat and I will plan to eat it more often.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because red meat is high in saturated fat which can worsen coronary artery disease. Eating it more often contradicts the TLC diet's aim to reduce saturated fat intake. Choice A is correct as walnuts are heart-healthy. Choice B is correct as switching to skim milk reduces saturated fat. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol should be consumed in moderation, not daily.
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A 25-year-old nonsmoker who is normally in good health reports having a bad cough for the past 3 weeks. He has crackles and rhonchi, and shows the physician a small clear plastic container that has discolored, blood-tinged sputum that he produced this morning. What would the physician want to rule out?
- A. Lung cancer.
- B. The flu.
- C. Pneumonia.
- D. Asthma.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (Pneumonia). The symptoms described—persistent cough, crackles, rhonchi, and blood-tinged sputum—are indicative of pneumonia. Lung cancer (A) is less likely in a young nonsmoker. The flu (B) typically does not cause blood-tinged sputum. Asthma (D) does not usually present with these specific findings.
The patient with acute bronchitis asks if antibiotics will be ordered for the condition. Which response is best for the nurse to make?
- A. Antibiotics are the best treatment option.
- B. Antibiotics will not help a viral condition.
- C. Antibiotics will be given if the sputum culture indicates your bronchitis is caused by bacteria.
- D. Antibiotics will inhibit the inflammatory response of your body to the invasion of this infection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
- Answer C is correct because antibiotics should only be prescribed for bacterial infections, not viral ones like acute bronchitis.
- Step 1: Recognize acute bronchitis is commonly caused by viruses, not bacteria.
- Step 2: Understand that unnecessary antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance.
- Step 3: Therefore, antibiotics should only be used when a bacterial infection is confirmed through sputum culture.
Summary:
- Answer A is incorrect as antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for acute bronchitis.
- Answer B is incorrect as it correctly states antibiotics do not treat viral conditions.
- Answer D is incorrect as antibiotics do not inhibit the body's inflammatory response but target bacterial growth.
Dead air is not involved in respiration because
- A. It is very low quantity
- B. It is trapped in nasal passage
- C. It contains less Oxygen
- D. It is present deep in the lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dead air is the air present in the alveoli that does not participate in gas exchange. It is located deep in the lungs, beyond the respiratory bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. Dead air does not reach the alveoli to participate in respiration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the quantity of dead air or its oxygen content are not the primary reasons why it is not involved in respiration.
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a client and notes the following: pH 7.45, PCO2 30, HCO3 20. The nurse analyzes these results as indicating which condition?
- A. Metabolic acidosis, compensated
- B. Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated
- C. Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated
- D. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated. The pH is elevated (alkalosis) at 7.45. The low PCO2 of 30 indicates respiratory alkalosis. The HCO3 level of 20 is slightly below normal, indicating metabolic compensation. The body has compensated for the respiratory alkalosis by reducing the HCO3 level. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the given ABG results. A (Metabolic acidosis, compensated) would have low pH and HCO3 levels. C (Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated) would have high pH and HCO3 levels. D (Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated) would have high PCO2 and low pH.
A nurse instructs a female client to use the pursed-lip method of breathing and the client asks the nurse about the purpose of this type of breathing. The nurse responds, knowing that the primary purpose of pursed-lip breathing is to:
- A. Promote oxygen intake.
- B. Strengthen the diaphragm.
- C. Strengthen the intercostal muscles.
- D. Promote carbon dioxide elimination.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Promote carbon dioxide elimination. Pursed-lip breathing is a technique used to slow down breathing and help control shortness of breath. By exhaling through pursed lips, it creates back-pressure in the airways, allowing more time for the lungs to empty and facilitating better removal of carbon dioxide. This helps improve oxygenation by optimizing the gas exchange process. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because pursed-lip breathing primarily focuses on improving ventilation and gas exchange, not specifically on increasing oxygen intake or strengthening specific respiratory muscles.