Questions for Respiratory System

Questions for Respiratory System Related

Review Questions for Respiratory System related questions and content

An oxygen delivery system is prescribed for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to deliver a precise oxygen concentration. Which of the following types of oxygen delivery systems would the nurse anticipate to be prescribed?

  • A. Face mask
  • B. Venturi mask
  • C. Aerosol mask
  • D. Tracheostomy collar
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Venturi mask. The Venturi mask delivers a precise oxygen concentration by mixing oxygen with room air through different sized ports, allowing for accurate oxygen delivery. This is important for patients with COPD who require specific oxygen levels to prevent oxygen toxicity or hypoxemia.

A: Face mask delivers a less precise oxygen concentration and may not be suitable for patients who require exact oxygen levels.
C: Aerosol mask is used for delivering medications or humidified air, not for precise oxygen concentration.
D: Tracheostomy collar is used for patients with a tracheostomy and is not typically used for delivering precise oxygen concentration in COPD.

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Before administering ephedrine, Nurse Tony assesses the patient's history. Because of ephedrine's central nervous system (CNS) effects, it is not recommended for:

  • A. Patients with an acute asthma attack.
  • B. Patients with narcolepsy.
  • C. Patients under age
  • D. Elderly patients.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elderly patients. Ephedrine, a sympathomimetic amine, can exacerbate existing CNS conditions in elderly patients, leading to adverse effects like confusion, agitation, and increased risk of falls. Elderly patients are more sensitive to CNS stimulants due to age-related changes in drug metabolism and clearance, making them more susceptible to negative effects. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because patients with acute asthma attacks may benefit from ephedrine's bronchodilator effects, patients with narcolepsy may benefit from its stimulant properties, and age alone is not a contraindication for ephedrine use.

You are evaluating and assessing a client diagnosed with chronic emphysema. The client is on oxygen at a flow rate of 5 L/min by nasal cannula. Which finding concerns you immediately?

  • A. The client has fine bibasilar crackles.
  • B. The client's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/minute.
  • C. The client sits up and leans over the nightstand.
  • D. The client has a large barrel chest.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A respiratory rate of 8 breaths/minute is abnormally low and indicates potential hypoventilation or respiratory depression, which is concerning in a client with chronic emphysema. Fine crackles (A) and barrel chest (D) are common findings but not immediately alarming. Sitting up and leaning forward (C) is a compensatory mechanism for easier breathing.

In human beings the number of lobes in right and left lungs is

  • A. 2 and 3
  • B. 2 and 2
  • C. 3 and 2
  • D. 4 and 2
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3 and 2. The right lung has 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower), while the left lung has 2 lobes (upper and lower). This is due to the presence of the heart on the left side, occupying space that limits the left lung to 2 lobes. Option A is incorrect as the left lung has only 2 lobes. Option B is incorrect as both lungs have different numbers of lobes. Option D is incorrect as the right lung typically has 3 lobes, not 4.

Which teaching point is most important for the client with a peritonsillar abscess?

  • A. Gargle with warm salt water.
  • B. Take all antibiotics as directed.
  • C. Let us know if you want liquid medications.
  • D. Wash hands frequently.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Take all antibiotics as directed. This is the most important teaching point for a client with a peritonsillar abscess because antibiotics are crucial in treating the infection and preventing complications. Here's the rationale:
1. Antibiotics target the bacteria causing the abscess, helping to clear the infection.
2. Incomplete antibiotic course can lead to antibiotic resistance and recurrence of infection.
3. Not following antibiotic instructions can result in treatment failure and worsening of the abscess.
4. Gargling with warm salt water (choice A) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying infection. Liquid medications (choice C) and handwashing (choice D) are important but not as vital as completing the antibiotic course.

To determine whether a tension pneumothorax is developing in a patient with chest trauma, for what does the nurse assess the patient?

  • A. Dull percussion sounds on the injured side
  • B. Severe respiratory distress and tracheal deviation
  • C. Muffled and distant heart sounds with decreasing blood pressure
  • D. Decreased movement and diminished breath sounds on the affected side
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a tension pneumothorax, there is a buildup of air under pressure in the pleural space, leading to severe respiratory distress and tracheal deviation. This can be a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention.

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