Questions for Respiratory System

Questions for Respiratory System Related

Review Questions for Respiratory System related questions and content

The ED nurse is assessing a patient complaining of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's chest and hears wheezing throughout the lung fields. What might this indicate?

  • A. The patient has a narrowed airway.
  • B. The patient has pneumonia.
  • C. The patient needs physiotherapy.
  • D. The patient has a hemothorax.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The patient has a narrowed airway. Wheezing throughout the lung fields indicates the presence of narrowed airways, often due to conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wheezing is caused by turbulent airflow through narrowed airways, leading to a high-pitched whistling sound during expiration. This is a characteristic finding in patients with obstructive airway diseases.

Summary of other choices:
B: The patient having pneumonia would typically present with symptoms like fever, cough, and consolidation on auscultation, not wheezing.
C: The patient needing physiotherapy may have respiratory muscle weakness or secretion clearance issues but would not typically present with wheezing throughout lung fields.
D: The presence of a hemothorax (blood in the pleural space) would manifest as decreased breath sounds and signs of respiratory distress but not wheezing.

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The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is

  • A. greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest
  • B. less than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest
  • C. equal to the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest
  • D. equal to the sum of partial pressures from carbon dioxide and nitrogen
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the partial pressure of oxygen decreases with increasing altitude due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure. At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is higher, resulting in a higher partial pressure of oxygen compared to the top of Mt. Everest. Choice B is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen is not higher at higher altitudes. Choice C is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen is not equal at sea level and Mt. Everest. Choice D is incorrect because the question specifically asks about the partial pressure of oxygen only, not the sum of partial pressures from other gases.

A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a client and notes the following: pH 7.45, PCO2 30, HCO3 20. The nurse analyzes these results as indicating which condition?

  • A. Metabolic acidosis, compensated
  • B. Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated
  • C. Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated
  • D. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated. The pH is elevated (alkalosis) at 7.45. The low PCO2 of 30 indicates respiratory alkalosis. The HCO3 level of 20 is slightly below normal, indicating metabolic compensation. The body has compensated for the respiratory alkalosis by reducing the HCO3 level. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the given ABG results. A (Metabolic acidosis, compensated) would have low pH and HCO3 levels. C (Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated) would have high pH and HCO3 levels. D (Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated) would have high PCO2 and low pH.

Type 2 alveolar cells are also called as___

  • A. septal cells
  • B. petal cells
  • C. Surfactant
  • D. respiratorycell
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: septal cells. Type 2 alveolar cells are also known as septal cells because they are located in the alveolar septa. These cells are responsible for producing and secreting surfactant, a substance that helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing. Choice B, petal cells, is incorrect because there is no such term used to describe these cells. Choice C, Surfactant, is incorrect because surfactant is the substance produced by type 2 alveolar cells, not the name of the cells themselves. Choice D, respiratory cell, is incorrect because it is a vague term that does not specifically refer to type 2 alveolar cells.

Which of the following structures protects the lower respiratory system from food and fluid bolus during swallowing?

  • A. larynx.
  • B. epiglottis.
  • C. vestibule.
  • D. pharynx.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and fluid from entering the lower respiratory system. This mechanism ensures that the airway remains clear and protects the lungs from aspiration. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: The larynx is involved in sound production and air passage but does not specifically protect the lower respiratory system during swallowing.
C: The vestibule is the space within the nasal cavity but does not play a direct role in protecting the lower respiratory system during swallowing.
D: The pharynx is a passageway for both food and air but does not specifically prevent food and fluid bolus from entering the lower respiratory system during swallowing.

Which teaching point is most important for the client with a peritonsillar abscess?

  • A. Gargle with warm salt water.
  • B. Take all antibiotics as directed.
  • C. Let us know if you want liquid medications.
  • D. Wash hands frequently.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Take all antibiotics as directed. This is the most important teaching point for a client with a peritonsillar abscess because antibiotics are crucial in treating the infection and preventing complications. Here's the rationale:
1. Antibiotics target the bacteria causing the abscess, helping to clear the infection.
2. Incomplete antibiotic course can lead to antibiotic resistance and recurrence of infection.
3. Not following antibiotic instructions can result in treatment failure and worsening of the abscess.
4. Gargling with warm salt water (choice A) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying infection. Liquid medications (choice C) and handwashing (choice D) are important but not as vital as completing the antibiotic course.

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