Nokea
What is the primary goal in managing a child with cystic fibrosis?
- A. Increase dietary fat intake
- B. Prevent lung infections
- C. Increase physical activity
- D. Ensure high protein intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with cystic fibrosis is to prevent lung infections. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to thick mucus buildup in the lungs, which increases the risk of infections. Preventing lung infections through proper respiratory care, medications, airway clearance techniques, and vaccinations is crucial in managing cystic fibrosis. While dietary interventions like increasing dietary fat intake, ensuring high protein intake, and promoting physical activity are also important aspects of cystic fibrosis management, preventing lung infections takes precedence as it directly addresses a major complication of the condition.
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What is a key intervention for a child with a new diagnosis of asthma?
- A. Provide a peak flow meter
- B. Limit all physical activity
- C. Increase dairy consumption
- D. Recommend frequent use of nasal decongestants
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a peak flow meter. Providing a peak flow meter is crucial for a child with a new diagnosis of asthma as it helps monitor asthma control and manage symptoms by tracking changes in airflow. This device assists in assessing how well the lungs are functioning and guides treatment decisions. Limiting all physical activity (choice B) is not recommended as regular exercise can actually help improve lung function in asthmatic children. Increasing dairy consumption (choice C) is not a key intervention for asthma, and recommending frequent use of nasal decongestants (choice D) is not suitable for asthma management in children.
What is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with a history of chronic renal failure?
- A. Increased frequency of medication administration
- B. Adjustments in dosage due to altered drug metabolism
- C. Avoidance of all medications
- D. Use of only intravenous medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When administering medications to a child with chronic renal failure, it is crucial to consider adjustments in dosage due to altered drug metabolism. Children with chronic renal failure may have impaired drug excretion, leading to potential drug accumulation and toxicity. Increasing the frequency of medication administration (choice A) may not address the altered drug metabolism issue and could increase the risk of adverse effects. Avoiding all medications (choice C) is not practical or safe as some medications may be necessary for the child's health. Using only intravenous medications (choice D) is not always required and may not be the best route of administration for all medications needed.
Which of the following is a common complication of an untreated inguinal hernia in children?
- A. Gastroenteritis
- B. Strangulation of the hernia
- C. Chronic cough
- D. Epistaxis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Strangulation of the hernia. Untreated inguinal hernias in children can lead to strangulation, which can result in bowel obstruction and ischemia. This is a serious complication that requires prompt medical attention. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Gastroenteritis is a gastrointestinal infection that is not directly related to untreated inguinal hernias. Chronic cough is not typically associated with this condition. Epistaxis refers to nosebleeds, which are not a common complication of untreated inguinal hernias in children.
How many vitamins are known to be required in the diet of human beings?
- A. 5
- B. 8
- C. 10
- D. 13
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 13. There are 13 essential vitamins required in the diet of human beings, including vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins. Choice A (5), Choice B (8), and Choice C (10) are incorrect because they do not represent the total number of essential vitamins needed by human beings.
What should be a priority for a 4-year-old child with nephrosis?
- A. Impaired body image
- B. Skin impairment
- C. Nutritional deficit
- D. Injury
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Skin impairment. Skin care is a priority in nephrosis due to edema and increased risk of skin breakdown, requiring careful monitoring and management. While impaired body image (Choice A) can be a concern, it is not typically a priority in a 4-year-old with nephrosis. Nutritional deficit (Choice C) is important but addressing skin impairment takes precedence due to the immediate risk of complications related to skin breakdown. Injury (Choice D) is a general concern for children but is not the priority in a child with nephrosis.