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What is the primary hormone responsible for maintaining the endometrium during pregnancy?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Progesterone. Progesterone is the primary hormone responsible for maintaining the endometrium during pregnancy. It helps to thicken the endometrial lining, ensuring a suitable environment for implantation and supporting the developing embryo. Progesterone also inhibits uterine contractions, preventing premature labor. Estrogen, FSH, and LH do not play a primary role in maintaining the endometrium during pregnancy. Estrogen is involved in the initial thickening of the endometrium, while FSH and LH are primarily responsible for ovulation and follicle development.
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Which of the following is a potential ethical issue in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Informed consent
- B. Patient confidentiality
- C. End-of-life decision-making
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. In maternal and newborn healthcare, ethical issues can arise in various aspects such as obtaining informed consent for procedures, ensuring patient confidentiality, and making difficult end-of-life decisions. Informed consent is crucial to respect patient autonomy. Patient confidentiality is vital to maintain trust and privacy. End-of-life decision-making involves complex ethical considerations. Choosing D is correct as all these issues are potential ethical concerns in this specific healthcare context. Choices A, B, and C alone are not comprehensive enough to cover the range of ethical issues that can arise in maternal and newborn healthcare.
Which of the following is a potential cause of male infertility?
- A. Varicocele
- B. Cryptorchidism
- C. Testicular cancer
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D - All of the above. Varicocele, Cryptorchidism, and Testicular cancer are all potential causes of male infertility. Varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, which can lead to reduced sperm quality. Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum, affecting sperm production. Testicular cancer can also impact fertility by affecting the function of the testes. Therefore, all three conditions can contribute to male infertility. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually can cause male infertility, making D the most comprehensive and correct answer.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a placenta previa. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Spotting
- B. Nausea
- C. Polyhydramnios
- D. Uterine tenderness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spotting is a common symptom of placenta previa due to the abnormal placement of the placenta near or over the cervix. Nausea, polyhydramnios, and uterine tenderness are not typically associated with this condition.
A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postpartum and breastfeeding her newborn. The client reports sore nipples. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Instruct the client to wait 4 hr between daytime feedings.
- B. Assess the newborn's latch while breastfeeding.
- C. Have the client limit the length of breastfeeding to 5 min per breast.
- D. Offer supplemental formula between the newborn's feedings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the newborn's latch while breastfeeding. Sore nipples in breastfeeding can be caused by improper latch, leading to discomfort for the mother. By assessing the newborn's latch, the nurse can identify any issues such as shallow latch or poor positioning that may be causing the soreness. This allows for timely intervention to improve the latch, alleviate nipple soreness, and promote successful breastfeeding.
Choice A is incorrect as spacing out feedings can lead to engorgement and decreased milk supply.
Choice C is incorrect as limiting breastfeeding time can affect milk production and hinder proper milk transfer.
Choice D is incorrect as offering formula may interfere with breastfeeding establishment and can decrease milk supply.
A nurse is making an initial postpartum home visit. Which of the following client statements should the nurse identity as a manifestation of Increased risk for child abuse?
- A. I want to meet other parents to see if they are going through the same things.
- B. I try to respond to the baby quickly so she doesn't cry very long.
- C. I think the baby should be sleeping through the night by now.
- D. I have several friends who come by to help out with the baby.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Expecting a newborn to sleep through the night is unrealistic and may indicate frustration or lack of understanding, which are risk factors for child abuse. Other statements reflect normal parental concerns or support systems.