Nokea
What is the primary medicinal treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)?
- A. oral anticholinesterase drugs
- B. retrodopa
- C. high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin
- D. high-dose intravenous vitamin C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the primary treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome. It helps modulate the immune response and reduce the severity of symptoms by neutralizing harmful antibodies.
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When assessing cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve), the nurse should:
- A. Test the sensation of the face and palpate the masseter muscles.
- B. Check the patient's ability to hear.
- C. Examine the patient's sense of smell.
- D. Assess the patient's swallowing ability.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve) is responsible for facial sensation and mastication. Testing facial sensation and palpating the masseter muscles assess its function. Hearing, smell, and swallowing are assessed by other cranial nerves.
When the nurse talks with a client with multiple sclerosis who has slurred speech, which nursing intervention is contraindicated?
- A. Encouraging the client to speak slowly
- B. Encouraging the client to speak distinctly
- C. Asking the client to repeat indistinguishable words
- D. Asking the client to speak louder when tired
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asking the client to speak louder when tired can exacerbate fatigue and frustration, which is counterproductive for someone with MS.
The presence of Bell's palsy suggests damage to the following cranial nerve:
- A. facial
- B. optic
- C. olfactory
- D. vestibular
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Facial nerve is the correct answer because Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by the sudden weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on one side of the face due to inflammation or damage to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). This results in symptoms such as drooping of the mouth, inability to close the eye, and loss of facial expression.
Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc:
- A. effector, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, receptor
- B. receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector
- C. effector, efferent neuron, integration centre, afferent neuron, receptor
- D. receptor, efferent neuron, integration centre, afferent neuron, effector
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence in a reflex arc is: receptor detects the stimulus, afferent neuron transmits the signal to the integration center, efferent neuron carries the response signal, and effector produces the response. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
A sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system take nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the ________ .
- A. motor neurons
- B. interneurons
- C. autonomic nervous system
- D. central nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmit nerve impulses from sensory receptors (e.g., in the skin, eyes, or ears) to the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. These neurons play a crucial role in detecting external and internal stimuli, such as touch, temperature, and pain, and relaying this information to the CNS for processing and response.