Nokea
What is the primary method of transmission for tuberculosis?
- A. Vector-borne
- B. Airborne
- C. Waterborne
- D. Fecal-oral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Airborne. Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through the air via droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets contain the bacteria that cause TB, which can then be inhaled by others and infect their lungs. This mode of transmission is supported by scientific evidence and is the most common way TB spreads.
Choice A: Vector-borne is incorrect because tuberculosis is not transmitted by insects or animals.
Choice C: Waterborne is incorrect as TB is not typically spread through contaminated water.
Choice D: Fecal-oral is incorrect since TB bacteria are not typically found in feces and transmitted through oral ingestion.
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What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding is 6 months. This is because breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients for an infant's growth and development in the first 6 months of life. Introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of infections and allergies. Choice A (3 months) is not ideal as it may not provide sufficient nutrients for the baby's growth. Choices C (9 months) and D (12 months) exceed the recommended duration and may not be necessary for exclusive breastfeeding, as other foods can be introduced after 6 months.
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
- A. Measles
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Malaria
- D. Hepatitis B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Malaria. Malaria is an example of a vector-borne disease because it is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The mosquito acts as a vector, carrying and transmitting the infectious agent (Plasmodium parasite) from one host to another. Measles (A), Tuberculosis (B), and Hepatitis B (D) are not vector-borne diseases. Measles is transmitted through respiratory droplets, Tuberculosis through airborne particles, and Hepatitis B through contact with infected blood or body fluids.
What is the primary purpose of conducting a health survey in a community?
- A. To provide medical treatment to individuals
- B. To gather data on health status and needs
- C. To distribute health education materials
- D. To perform laboratory tests
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To gather data on health status and needs. The primary purpose of conducting a health survey in a community is to systematically collect information on the health of the population, identify health issues, assess needs, and guide healthcare planning. This data helps in developing effective public health interventions and policies.
Choice A (To provide medical treatment to individuals) is incorrect because health surveys focus on population-level data collection, not individual treatment. Choice C (To distribute health education materials) is incorrect as the primary purpose of a health survey is data collection, not distribution of materials. Choice D (To perform laboratory tests) is incorrect because health surveys typically involve collecting information through questionnaires and interviews, rather than conducting laboratory tests.
Which nutrient is essential for preventing anemia in pregnant women?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Iron
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iron. Iron is essential for preventing anemia in pregnant women because it is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues and organs. During pregnancy, the demand for iron increases to support the growing fetus and the mother's increased blood volume. Without adequate iron intake, pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia, which can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Vitamin C is important for iron absorption but does not directly prevent anemia.
B: Vitamin D is important for bone health but does not prevent anemia.
D: Calcium is important for bone health but does not prevent anemia in pregnant women.
Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Calcium
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects because it plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly during early fetal development. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Iron (A), Vitamin C (B), and Calcium (C) are important nutrients for overall health but do not have a direct role in preventing neural tube defects. Iron is vital for red blood cell production, Vitamin C is an antioxidant that supports the immune system, and Calcium is essential for bone health. However, for preventing neural tube defects specifically, folic acid is the essential nutrient.