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What is the primary purpose of performing a semen analysis during infertility testing?
- A. To determine the presence of infections.
- B. To evaluate sperm count, motility, and morphology.
- C. To check for hormonal imbalances.
- D. To test for genetic abnormalities in sperm.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary purpose of performing a semen analysis during infertility testing is to evaluate sperm count, motility, and morphology. This is crucial in assessing male fertility potential. Sperm count indicates the quantity of sperm, motility refers to their ability to move effectively, and morphology assesses the shape and structure of sperm. These factors directly impact the likelihood of successful fertilization. Checking for infections (choice A) is important but not the primary purpose. Hormonal imbalances (choice C) are typically evaluated through blood tests, not semen analysis. Testing for genetic abnormalities in sperm (choice D) is a separate test and not the primary focus of a semen analysis.
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A nurse is educating a patient about the two-week wait period after an IVF embryo transfer. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Avoid any physical activity during this time.
- B. Take a pregnancy test immediately after the transfer.
- C. Focus on stress management and follow any prescribed medications.
- D. Increase protein intake to improve embryo implantation chances.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Focus on stress management and follow any prescribed medications. During the two-week wait period after an IVF embryo transfer, it is crucial for the patient to manage stress levels as high stress can negatively impact implantation. Following prescribed medications is important for maintaining optimal conditions for the embryo to implant successfully.
Avoiding physical activity (choice A) is not necessary as moderate physical activity is usually permitted unless advised otherwise by the healthcare provider. Taking a pregnancy test immediately (choice B) is not recommended as it may not accurately reflect the outcome at such an early stage. Increasing protein intake (choice D) may be beneficial for overall health but does not directly impact embryo implantation during the two-week wait period.
Which type of breech presentation is identified when the buttocks present first, with both legs extended up toward the face?
- B. A. frank
- C. B. full
- D. C. complete
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a frank breech presentation, the buttocks present first, with both legs extended up toward the face. This is a common breech presentation that requires careful monitoring during labor and birth to ensure a safe delivery. In a full or complete breech, the fetus sits cross-legged above the cervix, while in a footling breech, one or both legs are presenting. Understanding the different types of breech presentations is crucial for providing appropriate care and support during labor and birth.
A provider has ordered several diagnostic procedures for a couple with suspected infertility. Which diagnostic procedure is useful for determining if ovulation has occurred?
- A. FSH level
- B. Progesterone level
- C. Estrogen level
- D. Vaginal ultrasound
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone level. Progesterone is the hormone secreted after ovulation, indicating that ovulation has occurred. Monitoring progesterone levels can confirm ovulation. FSH (A) and estrogen (C) levels reflect the ovarian function but do not directly confirm ovulation. Vaginal ultrasound (D) can visualize the ovaries but does not definitively confirm ovulation.
A patient undergoing fertility treatment asks about egg quality improvement. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants may support better egg quality.
- B. Relying solely on supplements guarantees improved egg quality.
- C. Exercising excessively will enhance egg maturation.
- D. Egg quality is not influenced by external factors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, which can improve egg quality. Antioxidants protect eggs from damage caused by free radicals. Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants can support better egg quality.
Choice B is incorrect because relying solely on supplements does not guarantee improved egg quality. Choice C is incorrect because excessive exercise can actually have a negative impact on egg maturation. Choice D is incorrect because egg quality can be influenced by external factors such as diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
The nurse is counseling a couple about ovulation predictor kits. What is the most important advice?
- A. They require a prescription.
- B. They detect the LH surge, signaling ovulation within the next 24 to 36 hours.
- C. They are most effective when used randomly during the cycle.
- D. They confirm pregnancy rather than ovulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ovulation predictor kits detect the LH surge, which occurs approximately 24 to 36 hours before ovulation. This information is crucial for timing intercourse to maximize the chances of conception. Choice A is incorrect because ovulation predictor kits are typically available over the counter and do not require a prescription. Choice C is incorrect because these kits should be used strategically around the expected time of ovulation for accurate results. Choice D is incorrect because ovulation predictor kits do not confirm pregnancy; they only indicate the LH surge and impending ovulation.