LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions

LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions Related

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What is the primary purpose of repositioning a patient who is immobile?

  • A. To prevent pressure ulcers
  • B. To promote joint flexibility
  • C. To increase muscle strength
  • D. To improve respiratory function
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Repositioning an immobile patient primarily aims to prevent pressure ulcers by relieving pressure on skin over bony areas, like the sacrum or heels, and enhancing blood flow. Prolonged immobility risks tissue breakdown due to constant compression, making regular movement a cornerstone of preventive care in nursing. While shifting positions can secondarily support joint mobility, this isn't the main goal specific exercises target that more effectively. Building muscle strength requires active effort beyond repositioning, and though respiratory benefits may occur, they're addressed through targeted interventions like breathing exercises. This focus on skin integrity reflects nursing's priority to mitigate a common, severe complication of immobility, ensuring patient safety and comfort through proactive care.

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The nurse is to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) elixir to a 6-month-old with a congenital heart defect. The nurse auscultates an apical pulse rate of 100. The nurse should:

  • A. Record the heart rate and call the physician
  • B. Record the heart rate and administer the medication
  • C. Administer the medication and recheck the heart rate in 15 minutes
  • D. Hold the medication and recheck the heart rate in 30 minutes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For a 6-month-old, an apical pulse of 100 beats per minute falls within the normal range (80-150 bpm), indicating it's safe to administer digoxin, a cardiac glycoside for heart defects, without delay. Recording and calling the physician or holding the dose isn't warranted unless the rate drops below 90-100 bpm (per pediatric guidelines). Rechecking post-administration isn't standard unless symptoms arise. Nurses document and proceed, ensuring timely therapy while monitoring for toxicity signs like bradycardia later.

The nurse positioning a client after surgery will take into account that the position, which most often predisposes a client to physiologic processes that suppress respiration, is which of the following positions?

  • A. Fowler's position
  • B. Prone
  • C. Supine
  • D. left side lying down
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Supine position most suppresses respiration post-surgery by limiting diaphragm movement, unlike Fowler's, prone, or side-lying. Nurses adjust this to aid breathing.

All of the following characteristics would indicate to the nurse that an elder client might experience undesirable effects of medicines except:

  • A. Increased oxidative enzyme levels
  • B. Alcohol taken with medication
  • C. Medications containing magnesium
  • D. Decreased serum albumin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Oxidative enzyme levels decrease with age, not increase, affecting drug metabolism.

Which of the following statement is TRUE about case management?

  • A. Focuses on one visit
  • B. Coordinates care for complex needs
  • C. Only for acute care
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Case management coordinates care for complex needs (B), per model e.g., chronic illness. Not one visit (A), not acute-only (C), not all (D) long-term focus. B truly defines case management's role, making it correct.

A client with a traumatic brain injury is receiving mannitol. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect of this medication?

  • A. Hypotension
  • B. Hyperkalemia
  • C. Hyperglycemia
  • D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, can cause hypotension (A) from fluid shifts and diuresis. Hyperkalemia (B), hyperglycemia (C), or bradycardia (D) are less common. A is correct. Rationale: BP drop risks perfusion; monitoring ensures safety, per pharmacology, critical in brain injury management.

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