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What is the primary role of a nurse in a patient-centered medical home (PCMH)?
- A. Coordinate patient care
- B. Administer treatments
- C. Provide health education
- D. Conduct research
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary role of a nurse in a PCMH is to coordinate patient care. This involves ensuring all aspects of a patient's care are well-managed, communicating with various healthcare providers, and advocating for the patient's needs. This role aligns with the core principles of a PCMH, which emphasize comprehensive, coordinated, and patient-centered care. Administering treatments (B) is typically the role of physicians or other healthcare providers. Providing health education (C) is important but not the primary role of a nurse in a PCMH. Conducting research (D) is not a direct responsibility of nurses in a clinical setting like a PCMH.
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Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma in nursing?
- A. Choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives
- B. Reporting a colleague's unethical behavior
- C. Balancing patient confidentiality with the need to disclose information
- D. Deciding whether to comply with a patient's request that conflicts with professional ethics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it presents a situation where a nurse must navigate conflicting values, such as respecting patient autonomy while upholding professional ethical standards. By complying with the patient's request, the nurse may compromise ethical principles.
A: Choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives is a moral dilemma, not necessarily an ethical dilemma.
B: Reporting a colleague's unethical behavior is an ethical obligation, not a dilemma.
C: Balancing patient confidentiality with the need to disclose information is an ethical consideration, but it does not inherently present a dilemma as it can be managed through established guidelines.
Which of the following best describes the concept of evidence-based management?
- A. Using personal experience to make managerial decisions
- B. Combining managerial expertise with the latest research evidence
- C. Using intuition and experience to guide management decisions
- D. Relying on peer-reviewed literature to inform management practices
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because evidence-based management involves integrating managerial expertise with research evidence to make informed decisions. This approach ensures decisions are grounded in data and proven strategies, leading to more effective outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as it relies solely on personal experience, neglecting valuable external evidence. Choice C is incorrect as intuition alone may not always lead to optimal decisions. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses only on peer-reviewed literature, excluding the importance of combining it with managerial expertise.
When trying to facilitate change in the staff, it is necessary to build trust and recognize the need for change. This type of action is known as which of the following, according to Lewin's Force-Field Model?
- A. Moving the system to a new level
- B. Unfreezing the system
- C. Refreezing the system
- D. Institutionalization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unfreezing the system. In Lewin's Force-Field Model, unfreezing refers to the process of preparing individuals and systems for change by breaking down existing mindsets and behaviors. Building trust and recognizing the need for change are essential steps in unfreezing. Moving the system to a new level (A) is not specific to the initial stage of change. Refreezing the system (C) occurs after change has been implemented, not before. Institutionalization (D) involves integrating the change into the organization's culture, which is a later stage in the change process.
Which of the following is an example of voluntary absenteeism?
- A. Staying home for a sick child
- B. Staying home for a funeral
- C. Staying home to run errands or finish housework
- D. Staying home for sickness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Voluntary absenteeism refers to missing work by choice rather than due to circumstances like illness or emergencies. Staying home to run errands or finish housework falls under this category as it is a personal choice unrelated to external factors.
A, B, and D are incorrect because staying home for a sick child, a funeral, or due to sickness are examples of involuntary absenteeism, where circumstances beyond the individual's control necessitate their absence from work.
Which laboratory value reported to the nurse by the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)
indicates the most urgent need for the nurse’s assessment of the patient?
- A. Bedtime glucose of 140 mg/dL
- B. Noon blood glucose of 52 mg/dL
- C. Fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL
- D. 2-hr postprandial glucose of 220 mg/dL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Noon blood glucose of 52 mg/dL. This value indicates hypoglycemia, which can lead to serious complications like confusion, seizures, or coma. Immediate assessment and intervention are crucial.
A: Bedtime glucose of 140 mg/dL is within the normal range.
C: Fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL is slightly elevated but doesn't require urgent assessment.
D: 2-hr postprandial glucose of 220 mg/dL is elevated but not as critical as hypoglycemia.