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Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention strategy?
- A. Administering flu vaccinations
- B. Screening for hypertension
- C. Performing a mastectomy
- D. Providing rehabilitation after surgery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Screening for hypertension. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent further progression. Screening for hypertension helps identify individuals at risk and enables timely intervention to prevent complications. Administering flu vaccinations (A) is an example of primary prevention. Performing a mastectomy (C) is a treatment method for existing breast cancer, falling under tertiary prevention. Providing rehabilitation after surgery (D) focuses on restoring function post-treatment, also part of tertiary prevention.
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What is the primary function of discipline?
- A. To punish
- B. To evaluate
- C. To teach
- D. To ridicule
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of discipline is to teach. Discipline aims to guide individuals towards desired behaviors, values, and attitudes through positive reinforcement, correction, and guidance. It involves setting boundaries, providing structure, and helping individuals learn from their mistakes. Punishing (choice A) focuses solely on consequences without teaching alternatives. Evaluation (choice B) assesses performance but doesn't necessarily teach. Ridicule (choice D) is harmful and counterproductive, not a purpose of discipline. In summary, discipline primarily serves to educate and cultivate positive behavior.
What is a benefit of effective delegation?
- A. It increases the manager's workload
- B. It allows the manager to make all the decisions
- C. It empowers staff to make decisions
- D. It decreases staff involvement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: It empowers staff to make decisions. Effective delegation involves assigning tasks and responsibilities to employees while providing them with the authority and autonomy to make decisions within their scope of work. This benefits the organization by empowering staff, improving morale, fostering skill development, and increasing productivity. By delegating effectively, managers can focus on strategic tasks, reduce micromanagement, and promote a culture of trust and collaboration within the team.
The other choices are incorrect because:
A: It increases the manager's workload - Effective delegation should actually decrease the manager's workload by distributing tasks among team members.
B: It allows the manager to make all the decisions - This goes against the concept of delegation, which involves sharing decision-making authority with staff.
D: It decreases staff involvement - Effective delegation should increase staff involvement by giving them responsibilities and decision-making power.
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a 50-year-old patient who has type 2 diabetes about glyburide (Micronase, DiaBeta, Glynase)?
- A. Glyburide decreases glucagon secretion from the pancreas.
- B. Glyburide stimulates insulin production and release from the pancreas.
- C. Glyburide should be taken even if the morning blood glucose level is low.
- D. Glyburide should not be used for 48 hours after receiving IV contrast media.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glyburide stimulates insulin production and release from the pancreas.
1. Glyburide belongs to the sulfonylurea class of drugs, which works by stimulating the pancreas to produce and release more insulin.
2. This action helps to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
3. By increasing insulin secretion, glyburide helps improve glucose utilization in the body.
Incorrect choices:
A: Glyburide does not decrease glucagon secretion from the pancreas; it primarily affects insulin production.
C: Glyburide should not be taken if the morning blood glucose level is low to prevent hypoglycemia.
D: Glyburide does not have a specific interaction with IV contrast media; caution is needed with other medications that may interact.
What is the primary goal of a root cause analysis (RCA) in healthcare?
- A. To assign blame for errors
- B. To prevent future errors by identifying underlying causes
- C. To improve patient satisfaction
- D. To analyze the financial impact of errors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of a root cause analysis (RCA) in healthcare is to prevent future errors by identifying underlying causes. This is because RCA focuses on understanding the fundamental reasons behind incidents to implement effective preventive measures. By identifying root causes, healthcare providers can implement strategies to mitigate risks and enhance patient safety. The other choices are incorrect because RCA is not about assigning blame (A), improving patient satisfaction (C), or analyzing financial impact (D), but rather about understanding and addressing the core issues to prevent recurrence.
What are the advantages of using internal pools of nurses for staffing purposes?
- A. Familiarity with the hospital & Lower cost
- B. Centralization
- C. Staffing mix
- D. Staff satisfaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Familiarity with the hospital & Lower cost. Internal pools of nurses are advantageous because they are already familiar with the hospital's policies, procedures, and workflow, reducing the need for extensive training. This familiarity can lead to increased efficiency and improved patient care. Additionally, utilizing internal nurses can be cost-effective as they are already on the hospital's payroll, reducing the need for external agency staff, which can be more expensive. Centralization (option B) and staffing mix (option C) are not directly related to the advantages of using internal pools of nurses. Staff satisfaction (option D) can be a potential benefit of internal pools, but it is not as directly linked to the advantages of familiarity and cost savings as option A.