Nokea
What is the purpose of a community needs assessment?
- A. To diagnose individual health conditions
- B. To identify and prioritize community health needs
- C. To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment plan
- D. To provide emergency medical services
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The purpose of a community needs assessment is to identify and prioritize the health needs of a community as a whole, not individual health conditions. This process helps in understanding the specific issues affecting the community and guides the development of effective intervention strategies. Evaluating treatment plans or providing emergency medical services is not the primary goal of a needs assessment. Therefore, option B is correct as it aligns with the main objective of assessing community health needs.
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Which of the following is an example of a waterborne disease?
- A. Hepatitis A
- B. Influenza
- C. Measles
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hepatitis A. Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogens that are transmitted through contaminated water. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that spreads through the consumption of contaminated water or food. It affects the liver and is commonly associated with poor sanitation and hygiene. Influenza, Measles, and Tuberculosis are not waterborne diseases. Influenza and Measles are viral infections spread through respiratory droplets, while Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection primarily transmitted through the air. Hepatitis A is the only choice that aligns with the definition of a waterborne disease.
What is the primary purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns?
- A. To prevent infection
- B. To promote growth
- C. To prevent bleeding disorders
- D. To enhance immune function
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns is to prevent bleeding disorders. Vitamin K is essential for the production of blood clotting factors, which helps prevent excessive bleeding. Newborns are born with low levels of Vitamin K, putting them at risk for bleeding disorders like vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Administering Vitamin K at birth helps ensure proper blood clotting function. The other choices are incorrect because Vitamin K does not directly prevent infection, promote growth, or enhance immune function in newborns.
Which of the following is the most effective method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases?
- A. Antibiotic treatment
- B. Quarantine of infected individuals
- C. Vaccination
- D. Nutritional supplementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vaccination. Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases because it helps build immunity against specific pathogens, reducing the likelihood of infection and transmission. Vaccines train the immune system to recognize and fight off harmful microorganisms. Antibiotic treatment (A) is used to treat bacterial infections, not prevent the spread of diseases. Quarantine (B) is effective in isolating infected individuals but does not prevent the initial spread of diseases. Nutritional supplementation (D) can support overall health but is not a direct method for preventing infectious diseases.
Which of the following is a key strategy in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Routine immunization
- C. Antiretroviral therapy
- D. Nutritional supplementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antiretroviral therapy. This is a key strategy because it involves giving HIV medications to the mother during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well as to the newborn, significantly reducing the risk of transmission. Antiretroviral therapy helps lower the viral load in the mother's body, making it less likely for the virus to be passed on to the child. Exclusive breastfeeding (choice A) can increase the risk of transmission, routine immunization (choice B) does not directly prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and nutritional supplementation (choice D) is not a primary strategy for preventing transmission.
Which of the following is a key principle of Primary Health Care (PHC)?
- A. Centralized health planning
- B. Community participation
- C. Focus on specialized care
- D. High technology healthcare
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community participation. This is a key principle of Primary Health Care (PHC) as it emphasizes involving communities in decision-making, planning, and implementation of healthcare services. Community participation ensures that healthcare services are culturally appropriate, accessible, and meet the specific needs of the population. It also promotes empowerment and ownership of health initiatives within the community.
Centralized health planning (A) goes against the decentralized and community-focused approach of PHC. Focus on specialized care (C) contradicts the comprehensive and holistic nature of PHC. High technology healthcare (D) may not always be feasible or accessible in resource-limited settings, which is a key consideration in PHC implementation.