Nokea
At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically administered to a child?
- A. At birth
- B. 6 months
- C. 12 months
- D. 18 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 12 months. The first dose of the MMR vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age because this is when a child's immune system is more developed to respond effectively to the vaccine. Administering it earlier may not provide adequate protection. Choice A (At birth) is incorrect because newborns have maternal antibodies that can interfere with the vaccine's efficacy. Choice B (6 months) is too early as infants need time to develop their immune system. Choice D (18 months) is also incorrect as delaying the vaccine may leave the child vulnerable to diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella.
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program?
- A. Reducing infant mortality
- B. Improving maternal health
- C. Providing family planning services
- D. Focusing solely on curative care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Focusing solely on curative care. The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program aims to prevent illness and promote health in pregnant women, mothers, infants, and children. Focusing solely on curative care does not align with the preventive and promotive goals of the MCH program. Reducing infant mortality, improving maternal health, and providing family planning services are integral components of the MCH program that aim to enhance the overall well-being of mothers and children. By emphasizing prevention and health promotion, the MCH program aims to address the root causes of health issues rather than solely focusing on treating illnesses after they occur.
Which of the following is a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?
- A. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Providing routine immunizations
- C. Ensuring skilled attendance at birth
- D. Offering genetic counseling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensuring skilled attendance at birth. This is a key component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative as it focuses on providing trained healthcare professionals during childbirth to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This ensures that complications during labor can be promptly identified and managed, improving outcomes for both mother and baby.
A: Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is important for infant health but is not specifically a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative.
B: Providing routine immunizations is crucial for child health but not directly related to maternal care during childbirth.
D: Offering genetic counseling is valuable for families at risk of genetic disorders but is not a primary focus of the Safe Motherhood Initiative.
Which of the following is a benefit of exclusive breastfeeding?
- A. Reduces the risk of postpartum depression
- B. Increases the baby's risk of developing allergies
- C. Provides complete nutrition for the first 6 months
- D. Delays the return of menstrual periods
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exclusive breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for the first 6 months of a baby's life as breast milk contains all necessary nutrients. This is crucial for infant growth and development. It is recommended by health organizations worldwide. Other choices are incorrect: A is not directly related to breastfeeding, B is false as breastfeeding actually helps reduce allergies, and D is not a primary benefit of exclusive breastfeeding.
When educating a mother about the benefits of breastfeeding, what should be included?
- A. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
- B. Breastfeeding provides passive immunity to the infant.
- C. Breastfeeding increases the mother's risk of breast cancer.
- D. Breastfeeding delays the return of menstruation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breastfeeding provides passive immunity to the infant. Breast milk contains antibodies that help protect the baby from infections. This passive immunity is crucial for the infant's developing immune system.
A: Breastfeeding does not directly reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
C: Breastfeeding is actually associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer.
D: Breastfeeding can delay the return of menstruation due to hormonal changes, but this is not the main benefit of breastfeeding.
In summary, the key benefit of breastfeeding is providing passive immunity to the infant, which is crucial for their health and development.
What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. To eliminate non-communicable diseases
- B. To increase hospital bed capacity
- C. To provide immunizations to all children
- D. To train more healthcare workers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To provide immunizations to all children. The primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure that all children receive essential vaccinations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. This program focuses on increasing vaccination coverage and reaching all children, especially those in underserved populations. Providing immunizations to all children helps in reducing the spread of infectious diseases and contributes to overall public health.
Incorrect choices:
A: To eliminate non-communicable diseases - This is not the primary aim of EPI. EPI primarily focuses on preventing communicable diseases through vaccinations.
B: To increase hospital bed capacity - This is not the primary goal of EPI. Increasing hospital bed capacity is related to healthcare infrastructure, not vaccination programs.
D: To train more healthcare workers - While training healthcare workers is important for delivering immunizations, it is not the primary aim of EPI. The main goal is to provide vaccinations to all children.