Nokea
Which of the following best describes the role of a community health nurse?
- A. Providing acute care in hospitals
- B. Conducting surgeries
- C. Promoting health and preventing disease in the community
- D. Diagnosing and treating medical conditions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a community health nurse focuses on promoting health and preventing disease within the community through education, advocacy, and preventive care. This role involves working with individuals, families, and communities to improve overall health outcomes.
A: Providing acute care in hospitals is incorrect as this is typically the role of hospital nurses, not community health nurses.
B: Conducting surgeries is incorrect as this is a task performed by surgeons or operating room nurses, not community health nurses.
D: Diagnosing and treating medical conditions is incorrect as this falls under the responsibility of healthcare providers such as physicians or nurse practitioners, not community health nurses.
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When educating a mother about the benefits of breastfeeding, what should be included?
- A. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
- B. Breastfeeding provides passive immunity to the infant.
- C. Breastfeeding increases the mother's risk of breast cancer.
- D. Breastfeeding delays the return of menstruation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breastfeeding provides passive immunity to the infant. Breast milk contains antibodies that help protect the baby from infections. This passive immunity is crucial for the infant's developing immune system.
A: Breastfeeding does not directly reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
C: Breastfeeding is actually associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer.
D: Breastfeeding can delay the return of menstruation due to hormonal changes, but this is not the main benefit of breastfeeding.
In summary, the key benefit of breastfeeding is providing passive immunity to the infant, which is crucial for their health and development.
What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. To eliminate non-communicable diseases
- B. To increase hospital bed capacity
- C. To provide immunizations to all children
- D. To train more healthcare workers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To provide immunizations to all children. The primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure that all children receive essential vaccinations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. This program focuses on increasing vaccination coverage and reaching all children, especially those in underserved populations. Providing immunizations to all children helps in reducing the spread of infectious diseases and contributes to overall public health.
Incorrect choices:
A: To eliminate non-communicable diseases - This is not the primary aim of EPI. EPI primarily focuses on preventing communicable diseases through vaccinations.
B: To increase hospital bed capacity - This is not the primary goal of EPI. Increasing hospital bed capacity is related to healthcare infrastructure, not vaccination programs.
D: To train more healthcare workers - While training healthcare workers is important for delivering immunizations, it is not the primary aim of EPI. The main goal is to provide vaccinations to all children.
Which nutrient is most critical for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy?
- A. Iron
- B. Calcium
- C. Folic acid
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Folic acid. Folic acid is critical for preventing neural tube defects as it is essential for proper development of the neural tube in the fetus. It helps in the formation of the baby's brain and spinal cord. Iron (A) is important for preventing anemia, not neural tube defects. Calcium (B) is crucial for bone health but not directly related to neural tube development. Vitamin D (D) is important for calcium absorption, but not specifically for preventing neural tube defects. Overall, folic acid stands out as the most critical nutrient for this purpose.
Which of the following practices can help reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Administering antiretroviral therapy
- C. Using unsterilized medical equipment
- D. Avoiding prenatal care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administering antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy helps reduce the viral load in the mother, decreasing the risk of transmitting HIV to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. It is a proven method recommended by the World Health Organization.
A: Exclusive breastfeeding can increase the risk of HIV transmission to the child if the mother is HIV positive.
C: Using unsterilized medical equipment can increase the risk of HIV transmission.
D: Avoiding prenatal care can lead to missed opportunities for prevention and treatment interventions.
Which vaccine is typically administered to newborns within the first 24 hours of birth?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. BCG
- C. OPV
- D. Measles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hepatitis B. Newborns are typically administered the Hepatitis B vaccine within the first 24 hours of birth to prevent transmission from infected mothers. This early vaccination helps protect infants from a potentially serious viral infection. The other choices are incorrect because BCG is usually given for tuberculosis, OPV is an oral polio vaccine, and Measles vaccination is typically given at a later age. Administering Hepatitis B vaccine to newborns is a crucial preventive measure against a common viral infection transmitted from mother to child.