Nokea
What is the purpose of phloem tissue in plant stems?
- A. It conducts water up through the stem.
- B. It conducts the energy of light to leaves.
- C. It conducts food throughout the plant.
- D. It conducts carbon dioxide throughout the plant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The purpose of phloem tissue in plant stems is to conduct food, particularly sugars produced in the leaves during photosynthesis, throughout the plant. The phloem transports these organic compounds to various parts of the plant where they are needed for growth and energy. Choice A is incorrect because water is primarily transported by xylem tissue, not phloem. Choice B is incorrect as the energy of light is captured by chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis, not conducted by phloem. Choice D is incorrect because carbon dioxide is mainly absorbed through the leaves and transported to other parts of the plant through diffusion, not by phloem.
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In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what ratio of the offspring is predicted to have the disease?
- A. 0 female : 2 males
- B. 1 female : 0 males
- C. 1 female : 2 males
- D. 2 females : 1 male
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the male offspring will inherit the hemophilia trait from their mother due to the sex-linked inheritance pattern. The female offspring will inherit one X chromosome from their mother, becoming carriers of hemophilia. Therefore, the predicted ratio of offspring with the disease would be 1 female as a carrier and 2 males with hemophilia. Choice A is incorrect because there would be male offspring with the disease. Choice B is incorrect as there would be male offspring with hemophilia. Choice D is incorrect as it does not reflect the inheritance pattern of hemophilia.
Which is not a step in the water cycle?
- A. Condensation
- B. Transpiration
- C. Nitrification
- D. Absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitrification is a biological process in the nitrogen cycle where ammonia is converted into nitrites and then nitrates by bacteria. It is not a step in the water cycle. The water cycle involves processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration that are related to the movement and transformation of water in the environment. Choices A, B, and D are all part of the water cycle: condensation is the process where water vapor turns into liquid water, transpiration is the release of water vapor by plants, and absorption refers to the process of water being taken in by soil or other materials.
The scientific name for a house cat is Felis catus. This indicates the house cat's ___________ and ___________.
- A. kingdom; family
- B. order; subspecies
- C. phylum; class
- D. genus; species
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The scientific name for an organism consists of its genus and species. In this case, 'Felis' refers to the genus, while 'catus' refers to the species, thus indicating the house cat's genus and species as Felis catus. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a scientific name does not include information about the kingdom, family, order, subspecies, phylum, or class of an organism.
Which organism reproduces via binary fission?
- A. Mushroom
- B. Blue whale
- C. Rainbow trout
- D. Salmonella
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Salmonella. Salmonella bacterium reproduces via binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction where the cell divides into two daughter cells with identical genetic material. This process is common among bacteria and single-celled organisms. Mushrooms reproduce through spores, blue whales and rainbow trout reproduce sexually, involving the fusion of male and female gametes. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reproduce through binary fission.
Which statement is untrue?
- A. RNA is single-stranded.
- B. RNA contains uracil.
- C. DNA codes for proteins.
- D. DNA cannot be altered.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DNA can be altered through various processes such as mutations, genetic engineering, and epigenetic modifications. Changes in DNA can occur naturally or through external influences, leading to variations in the genetic code. Therefore, the statement that DNA cannot be altered is untrue. Choices A, B, and C are true statements. RNA is indeed single-stranded, RNA contains uracil instead of thymine, and DNA serves as a template for protein synthesis.