Nokea
What is the purpose of pursed lip breathing?
- A. Helps exhale less volume of air during expiration
- B. Increases expiration
- C. Promotes effective use of the diaphragm
- D. Relieves compensatory burden on upper thorax
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pursed lip breathing is a breathing technique commonly used to help improve breathing efficiency in individuals with respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By pursing the lips during exhalation, it creates back pressure that helps to keep the airways open longer. This results in slower and more controlled expiration, allowing the individual to exhale a smaller volume of air while maintaining adequate oxygen exchange. This can reduce the feeling of dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and help improve oxygen saturation levels in the blood.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) regarding the application of the Pavlik harness. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Three diapers should be worn at all times under the harness.
- B. Harness should be removed for ten minutes every hour.
- C. Harness should always keep the legs fully adducted.
- D. Clothing should always fit loosely over the harness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct information that the nurse should include in the teaching is that clothing should always fit loosely over the harness. This is important to prevent restriction of movement and ensure comfort for the child wearing the Pavlik harness. Tight clothing can cause discomfort, skin irritation, and interfere with the effectiveness of the harness in positioning the hip properly. Parents should be advised to choose clothing that is loose-fitting and does not put pressure on the harness or the child's skin.
Tara is an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). She asks her attending nurse why she can't take a pill rather than shots like her grandmother does. Which of the following would be the nurse's best reply?
- A. "If your blood glucose levels are controlled, you can switch to using pills."
- B. "The pills correct fat and protein metabolism, not carbohydrate metabolism."
- C. "Your body does not make insulin, so the insulin injections help to replace it."
- D. "The pills work on the adult pancreas, you can switch when you are 18."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's best reply would be option C, "Your body does not make insulin, so the insulin injections help to replace it." This response directly addresses Tara's question about why she needs insulin injections instead of pills. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. As a result, individuals with type 1 DM do not produce insulin, so they require insulin injections to replace the missing hormone. Unlike type 2 diabetes where oral medications can be used to manage the condition, individuals with type 1 diabetes rely on insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels.
A client with stage II ovarian cancer undergoes a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- oopherectomy with tumor secretion, omentectomy, appendectomy, and lymphadenopathy. During the second postoperative day, which of the following assessment findings would raise concern in the nurse?
- A. Abdominal pain
- B. Serous drainage from the incision
- C. Hypoactive bowel sounds
- D. Shallow breathing and increasing lethargy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Shallow breathing and increasing lethargy are concerning assessment findings postoperatively as they can be indicative of respiratory complications such as atelectasis, pneumonia, or pulmonary embolism. These conditions can be life-threatening and require prompt medical attention. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the client closely for any signs of respiratory distress and intervene immediately if these symptoms are present. Abdominal pain, serous drainage from the incision, and hypoactive bowel sounds are common findings after abdominal surgery and are expected in the early postoperative period.
Almost all of the diseases detected in neonatal screening programs have a very low prevalence; the strategy is to use the initial screening test to separate a highly suspect group from normal and then follow this suspect group aggressively. Of the following, the disease that has low prevalence rendering it not useful for neonatal screening testing is
- A. phenylketonuria
- B. hypothyroidism
- C. cystic fibrosis
- D. neuroblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neuroblastoma has a very low prevalence and is not typically screened for in neonatal programs due to its rarity and the inefficiency of mass screening for such a condition.
Which instruction about insulin administration should the nurse give to a client?
- A. "Always follow the same order when drawing the different insulin into the syringe."
- B. "Shake the vial before withdrawing the insulin."
- C. "Store unopened vials of insulin in the freezer at temperatures well below freezing."
- D. "Discard the intermediate-acting insulin if it disappears cloudy."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should give to the client is to "Always follow the same order when drawing the different insulin into the syringe." This is important because mixing different insulins in the same syringe can alter their action profiles and lead to inaccurate dosing. It is crucial to follow a consistent order to prevent mixing the insulins inadvertently. It is advisable to consult a healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific instructions on insulin administration to ensure safety and effectiveness.