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What is the purpose of treatment with amantadine (Symmetrel)?
- A. To prevent viral pneumonia if taken regularly.
- B. To prevent avian flu if taken at the first signs and symptoms of disease.
- C. To lessen the severity of type A flu symptoms if taken within 48 hours of exposure.
- D. To reduce irritation of bronchitis if taken weekly.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Amantadine is an antiviral medication effective against type A influenza virus.
2. By taking it within 48 hours of exposure, it can lessen flu symptoms by inhibiting viral replication.
3. It does not prevent pneumonia or avian flu specifically.
4. It is not used for reducing bronchitis irritation.
Summary:
Amantadine is specifically used to reduce the severity of type A flu symptoms when taken within 48 hours of exposure. It is not for prevention of viral pneumonia, avian flu, or bronchitis irritation.
You may also like to solve these questions
In human beings, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the inspired and expired air is respectively
- A. 0.3 and 40 mm Hg
- B. 0.3 and 32 mm Hg
- C. 40 and 46 mm Hg
- D. 40 and 0.3 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (0.3 and 32 mm Hg) because in inspired air, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is low at around 0.3 mm Hg, whereas in expired air, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher at around 32 mm Hg due to gas exchange in the lungs.
Choice A (0.3 and 40 mm Hg) is incorrect because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in inspired air is not typically as high as 40 mm Hg.
Choice C (40 and 46 mm Hg) is incorrect because the values are reversed; the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher in expired air compared to inspired air.
Choice D (40 and 0.3 mm Hg) is incorrect as the values are reversed, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in inspired air is not typically as high as 40 mm Hg.
Oxygenated blood from lungs is carried to heart by
- A. Pulmonary artery
- B. Pulmonary vein
- C. Coronary vein
- D. Pre-cavals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pulmonary vein. Oxygenated blood from the lungs is carried to the heart by the pulmonary vein. After receiving oxygen in the lungs, blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins to be pumped to the rest of the body. The pulmonary artery (A) carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The coronary vein (C) drains deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle. Pre-cavals (D) is not a term used in the context of blood circulation.
Exhaling into a paper bag and rebreathing the exhaled air would be expected to
- A. alert the brain.
- B. increase the breathing rate.
- C. stimulate the carotid bodies.
- D. b and c only
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exhaling into a paper bag and rebreathing the exhaled air leads to an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the body. This increase stimulates the carotid bodies, which detect changes in blood chemistry, leading to an increase in breathing rate. This process does not directly alert the brain, as high carbon dioxide levels typically cause drowsiness rather than alertness. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it correctly identifies the effects of rebreathing on both breathing rate and carotid body stimulation. Choice A is incorrect because rebreathing does not directly alert the brain. Choice B is incorrect as rebreathing actually decreases the need for increased breathing rate initially. Choice C alone is incorrect as it does not address the effect on breathing rate.
Pneumotaxic center is
- A. Inhibitory
- B. Accelatory
- C. Activating
- D. None of these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibitory. The pneumotaxic center is located in the upper pons and functions to inhibit inspiration, preventing overinflation of the lungs. This helps regulate the respiratory rate and depth. The other choices are incorrect because the pneumotaxic center does not accelerate or activate breathing directly. It exerts its influence by inhibiting the inspiratory neurons in the medulla, thereby controlling the duration and frequency of inspiration. Choice D is incorrect as the pneumotaxic center does have a specific inhibitory function in the respiratory control system.
Two days after undergoing pelvic surgery, a patient develops marked dyspnea and anxiety. What is the first action that the nurse should take?
- A. Raise the head of the bed.
- B. Notify the health care provider.
- C. Take the patient’s pulse and blood pressure.
- D. Determine the patient’s SpO with an oximeter.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this situation, the priority action should be to notify the healthcare provider as the patient's symptoms could indicate a serious complication post-surgery. The healthcare provider needs to be informed promptly to assess and provide appropriate interventions.