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What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 6 months. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by WHO for the first 6 months of a baby's life. This is because breast milk provides all the essential nutrients and antibodies needed for a baby's optimal growth and development during this critical period. Introducing other foods or liquids before 6 months can increase the risk of infections and allergies in infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the WHO guidelines for exclusive breastfeeding duration.
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What is the primary goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy?
- A. To reduce the incidence of childhood diseases
- B. To improve the nutritional status of children
- C. To reduce child mortality and morbidity
- D. To promote exclusive breastfeeding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy is to reduce child mortality and morbidity. This strategy focuses on providing holistic care to children, including early detection and treatment of common childhood illnesses. By improving healthcare access and quality, IMCI aims to decrease the number of children dying from preventable diseases.
Explanation:
A: Reducing the incidence of childhood diseases is important but not the primary goal of IMCI. The strategy is more focused on reducing mortality and morbidity.
B: Improving nutritional status is essential for child health but is not the primary goal of IMCI.
D: Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is a key component of child health but is not the primary goal of IMCI.
Which of the following is a characteristic of Primary Health Care?
- A. Focuses on specialized care
- B. Emphasizes community participation
- C. Relies solely on hospital-based services
- D. Ignores preventive measures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Emphasizes community participation. Primary Health Care is a holistic approach that focuses on involving the community in decision-making and care delivery. This empowers individuals and communities to take charge of their health. Choice A is incorrect as Primary Health Care prioritizes comprehensive and generalist care over specialized care. Choice C is incorrect as Primary Health Care aims to provide care at the grassroots level, not solely relying on hospital-based services. Choice D is incorrect as Primary Health Care places a strong emphasis on preventive measures to promote overall health and well-being.
Which of the following diseases is targeted for eradication through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. Diphtheria
- C. Poliomyelitis
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Poliomyelitis. The EPI targets diseases for eradication through vaccination programs. Polio is a priority due to its devastating effects and the effectiveness of the polio vaccine. Hepatitis B (A) is not currently targeted for eradication. Diphtheria (B) and Tuberculosis (D) are controlled through vaccination and treatment but are not targeted for global eradication efforts.
Which of the following is NOT a goal of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program?
- A. Reducing infant mortality
- B. Improving maternal health
- C. Providing family planning services
- D. Focusing solely on curative care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Focusing solely on curative care. The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program aims to prevent illness and promote health in pregnant women, mothers, infants, and children. Focusing solely on curative care does not align with the preventive and promotive goals of the MCH program. Reducing infant mortality, improving maternal health, and providing family planning services are integral components of the MCH program that aim to enhance the overall well-being of mothers and children. By emphasizing prevention and health promotion, the MCH program aims to address the root causes of health issues rather than solely focusing on treating illnesses after they occur.
Which of the following is a common sign of dehydration in infants?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Sunken fontanelle
- C. Excessive drooling
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sunken fontanelle. Dehydration in infants can cause the fontanelle, the soft spot on the baby's head, to appear sunken. This is due to decreased fluid levels in the body. Sunken fontanelle is a common and easily identifiable sign of dehydration in infants. The other choices are incorrect because frequent urination is not typically associated with dehydration in infants, excessive drooling can be a normal part of teething, and increased appetite is not a specific sign of dehydration in infants.