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Which of the following indicators is used to measure the health status of a population?
- A. Literacy rate
- B. Gross domestic product (GDP)
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. Employment rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Infant mortality rate. This indicator reflects the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births. It is a crucial measure of the overall health of a population as it reflects the quality of healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. High infant mortality rates indicate poor health outcomes and inadequate healthcare services.
A: Literacy rate is not directly related to measuring the health status of a population.
B: GDP measures the economic performance of a country and does not directly reflect the health status of its population.
D: Employment rate is an indicator of the labor market situation, not specifically related to health status measurement.
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What is the primary focus of community health nursing?
- A. Individual patient care
- B. Hospital-based care
- C. Community-wide health promotion and disease prevention
- D. Specialized medical treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community-wide health promotion and disease prevention. Community health nursing focuses on promoting health and preventing diseases within the community as a whole through education, advocacy, and collaboration. This includes addressing social determinants of health and implementing population-based interventions. Choice A is incorrect because community health nursing goes beyond individual patient care. Choice B is incorrect as it is more focused on acute care within hospital settings. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to specialized medical treatment rather than the broader scope of community health nursing. In summary, the primary focus of community health nursing is on improving the health of the entire community through preventative measures and health promotion initiatives.
What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding is 6 months. This is because breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients for an infant's growth and development in the first 6 months of life. Introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of infections and allergies. Choice A (3 months) is not ideal as it may not provide sufficient nutrients for the baby's growth. Choices C (9 months) and D (12 months) exceed the recommended duration and may not be necessary for exclusive breastfeeding, as other foods can be introduced after 6 months.
What is the purpose of a population pyramid?
- A. To show the distribution of income levels
- B. To illustrate the age and sex composition of a population
- C. To compare the incidence of diseases
- D. To display the literacy rates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To illustrate the age and sex composition of a population. Population pyramids graphically represent the age and gender structure of a population, showing the distribution of different age groups and genders within a population at a specific point in time. This information is crucial for policymakers and demographers to understand population dynamics, such as birth rates, life expectancy, and potential workforce size.
Choice A (To show the distribution of income levels) is incorrect because income levels are not typically depicted in a population pyramid. Choice C (To compare the incidence of diseases) is incorrect because population pyramids do not provide information on disease prevalence. Choice D (To display the literacy rates) is incorrect as literacy rates are also not typically included in population pyramids.
What is the primary goal of health education?
- A. To diagnose diseases
- B. To change behavior for improved health
- C. To provide emergency medical care
- D. To perform surgeries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of health education is to change behavior for improved health. This involves educating individuals on healthy lifestyle choices, preventive measures, and disease management strategies. By empowering individuals with knowledge and skills, health education aims to promote better health outcomes. Diagnosing diseases (choice A) and providing emergency medical care (choice C) are responsibilities of healthcare professionals, not the primary goal of health education. Performing surgeries (choice D) is a medical intervention and not within the scope of health education's primary goal.
What is the primary goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy?
- A. To reduce the incidence of childhood diseases
- B. To improve the nutritional status of children
- C. To reduce child mortality and morbidity
- D. To promote exclusive breastfeeding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy is to reduce child mortality and morbidity. This strategy focuses on providing holistic care to children, including early detection and treatment of common childhood illnesses. By improving healthcare access and quality, IMCI aims to decrease the number of children dying from preventable diseases.
Explanation:
A: Reducing the incidence of childhood diseases is important but not the primary goal of IMCI. The strategy is more focused on reducing mortality and morbidity.
B: Improving nutritional status is essential for child health but is not the primary goal of IMCI.
D: Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is a key component of child health but is not the primary goal of IMCI.