Nokea
What is the purpose of a community needs assessment?
- A. To diagnose individual health conditions
- B. To identify and prioritize community health needs
- C. To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment plan
- D. To provide emergency medical services
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The purpose of a community needs assessment is to identify and prioritize the health needs of a community as a whole, not individual health conditions. This process helps in understanding the specific issues affecting the community and guides the development of effective intervention strategies. Evaluating treatment plans or providing emergency medical services is not the primary goal of a needs assessment. Therefore, option B is correct as it aligns with the main objective of assessing community health needs.
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Which of the following is an example of a live attenuated vaccine?
- A. Hepatitis B vaccine
- B. Inactivated polio vaccine
- C. Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine
- D. Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus. MMR vaccine is made from weakened live viruses of measles, mumps, and rubella. When administered, the body develops an immune response without causing the disease. Choice A, Hepatitis B vaccine, is a subunit vaccine. Choice B, Inactivated polio vaccine, is a killed virus vaccine. Choice D, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine, is a toxoid vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines provide stronger and longer-lasting immunity as they mimic natural infection without causing illness.
What is the purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns?
- A. To prevent jaundice
- B. To boost the immune system
- C. To prevent bleeding disorders
- D. To enhance bone development
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To prevent bleeding disorders. Newborns have low levels of Vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K at birth helps prevent a rare but serious condition called Vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Choice A is incorrect because Vitamin K does not prevent jaundice. Choice B is incorrect as Vitamin K does not boost the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as Vitamin K does not enhance bone development. Administering Vitamin K to newborns is crucial for preventing bleeding issues.
Which of the following is a key strategy in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Routine immunization
- C. Antiretroviral therapy
- D. Nutritional supplementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antiretroviral therapy. This is a key strategy because it involves giving HIV medications to the mother during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well as to the newborn, significantly reducing the risk of transmission. Antiretroviral therapy helps lower the viral load in the mother's body, making it less likely for the virus to be passed on to the child. Exclusive breastfeeding (choice A) can increase the risk of transmission, routine immunization (choice B) does not directly prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and nutritional supplementation (choice D) is not a primary strategy for preventing transmission.
Which of the following indicators is used to measure the health status of a population?
- A. Literacy rate
- B. Gross domestic product (GDP)
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. Employment rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Infant mortality rate. This indicator reflects the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births. It is a crucial measure of the overall health of a population as it reflects the quality of healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. High infant mortality rates indicate poor health outcomes and inadequate healthcare services.
A: Literacy rate is not directly related to measuring the health status of a population.
B: GDP measures the economic performance of a country and does not directly reflect the health status of its population.
D: Employment rate is an indicator of the labor market situation, not specifically related to health status measurement.
What is the primary aim of the Family Planning Program?
- A. To improve infant nutrition
- B. To reduce maternal mortality
- C. To prevent sexually transmitted infections
- D. To provide couples with the information and means to control fertility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: To provide couples with the information and means to control fertility. This is because the primary aim of the Family Planning Program is to empower individuals with the knowledge and resources to make informed decisions about family size and spacing. This includes access to contraceptives, education about reproductive health, and support for family planning choices.
A: To improve infant nutrition - This is not the primary aim of the Family Planning Program, although family planning can indirectly contribute to better infant nutrition by spacing births appropriately.
B: To reduce maternal mortality - While family planning can help reduce maternal mortality by preventing unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions, it is not the primary aim of the program.
C: To prevent sexually transmitted infections - Although promoting safe sex practices is important in family planning, preventing STIs is not the primary aim of the program.