Nokea
What is the recommended method of pain relief during labor for a woman who desires regional anesthesia?
- A. Epidural block
- B. Spinal block
- C. Combined spinal-epidural block
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Regional anesthesia options include epidural, spinal, and combined spinal-epidural blocks.
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What is the primary ethical principle guiding nursing practice in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Non-maleficence
- C. Beneficence
- D. Justice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Beneficence. In maternal and newborn healthcare, beneficence is the primary ethical principle guiding nursing practice. This principle emphasizes the nurse's duty to promote the well-being and best interests of both the mother and the newborn. Nurses must act in a way that benefits their patients and ensures their safety and health. Autonomy (A) focuses on respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions, which is important but not the primary principle in this context. Non-maleficence (B) involves avoiding harm, which is essential but not the primary guiding principle here. Justice (D) pertains to fairness in healthcare access and resource allocation, which is also crucial but not the primary ethical principle for maternal and newborn healthcare.
Which of the following is a potential barrier to patient-centered care in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Lack of cultural competence
- B. Provider bias
- C. Limited resources
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Barriers to patient-centered care include lack of cultural competence, provider bias, and limited resources.
A nurse is teaching a client who is at 35 weeks of gestation about manifestations of potential pregnancy complications to report to the provider. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include?
- A. Shortness of breath when climbing stairs
- B. Swelling of feet and ankles at the end of the day
- C. Headache that is unrelieved by analgesia
- D. Braxton Hicks contractions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Headache that is unrelieved by analgesia. This is a concerning symptom that could indicate a serious condition like preeclampsia, which can be life-threatening for both the mother and the baby. Headaches that are severe and persistent, especially when accompanied by other symptoms like visual disturbances and high blood pressure, should be reported promptly.
Shortness of breath when climbing stairs (A) is common in late pregnancy due to the growing uterus pressing on the diaphragm. Swelling of feet and ankles (B) is also common in pregnancy and usually not a cause for concern unless it is sudden, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms. Braxton Hicks contractions (D) are normal practice contractions that do not indicate labor unless they become regular and intense.
A nurse is preparing to assess fetal heart tones for a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Place the client in a side-lying position prior to assessing the fetal heart rate
- B. Measure the fundal height to determine the placement of the ultrasound stethoscope.
- C. Position the ultrasound stethoscope above the symphysis pubis to assess the fetal heart rate.
- D. Perform Leopold maneuvers prior to auscultating the fetal heart rate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 12 weeks of gestation, the fetal heart rate is best assessed using an ultrasound stethoscope positioned above the symphysis pubis. Leopold maneuvers are not necessary at this early stage.
What is the primary responsibility of a nurse or midwife in advocating for patient and family-centered care in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Promoting shared decision-making
- B. Ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality
- C. Providing evidence-based care
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Nurses and midwives advocate for patient and family-centered care by promoting shared decision-making, ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality, and providing evidence-based care. Shared decision-making involves actively involving patients and families in healthcare decisions. Patient privacy and confidentiality are essential for building trust and respecting autonomy. Providing evidence-based care ensures the best outcomes for patients and families. Therefore, all these responsibilities are crucial in advocating for patient and family-centered care. Choices A, B, and C individually are important aspects, but the comprehensive approach encompassed by choice D is necessary to fully advocate for patient and family-centered care.