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What is the recommended method of pain relief for a woman who has a cesarean delivery?
- A. Epidural anesthesia
- B. Intravenous opioids
- C. Patient-controlled analgesia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. After a cesarean delivery, a combination of pain relief methods is often recommended to manage postoperative pain effectively. Epidural anesthesia provides continuous pain relief, intravenous opioids offer immediate relief, and patient-controlled analgesia allows the woman to self-administer pain medication as needed. This multimodal approach ensures adequate pain control while minimizing side effects. Choosing only one method may not address all aspects of pain management. Therefore, utilizing all three options in combination is the most comprehensive and effective approach in managing pain after a cesarean delivery.
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A nurse is providing prenatal teaching to a client who practices a vegan diet and is trying to increase intake of vitamin B12. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?
- A. Fortified soy milk
- B. Raw carrots
- C. Fresh citrus fruits
- D. Brown rice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fortified soy milk. Vegans often have difficulty obtaining enough vitamin B12, which is primarily found in animal products. Fortified soy milk is a good source of vitamin B12 for vegans. Raw carrots (B), fresh citrus fruits (C), and brown rice (D) do not contain significant amounts of vitamin B12. Raw carrots and fresh citrus fruits are good sources of vitamin C, while brown rice is a source of carbohydrates and fiber.
Which of the following is a potential cause of female infertility?
- A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- B. Endometriosis
- C. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Female infertility can be caused by PCOS, endometriosis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Which of the following is a potential barrier to providing culturally competent care in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Lack of awareness of cultural differences
- B. Bias and prejudice
- C. Limited access to resources
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Lack of awareness of cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication in healthcare. Bias and prejudice can hinder the ability to provide equitable care to individuals from diverse backgrounds. Limited access to resources can restrict healthcare providers from offering culturally appropriate services. Therefore, all these factors can act as potential barriers to providing culturally competent care in maternal and newborn healthcare. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually contributes to the overall challenge of achieving cultural competence in healthcare.
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a newborn who is to undergo phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Feed the newborn 1 oz of water every 4 hr.
- B. Apply lotion to the newborn’s skin three times per day.
- C. Remove all clothing from the newborn except the diaper.
- D. Discontinue therapy if the newborn develops a rash.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Remove all clothing from the newborn except the diaper. This is essential during phototherapy to maximize the skin's exposure to the light. The light helps breakdown bilirubin in the skin, reducing jaundice. Choice A is incorrect as water will not treat hyperbilirubinemia. Choice B is incorrect as lotions can interfere with the effectiveness of phototherapy. Choice D is incorrect as a rash is a common side effect of phototherapy and should not lead to discontinuation unless severe.
What is the recommended method of pain relief during labor for a woman with a low-risk pregnancy?
- A. Epidural anesthesia
- B. Spinal anesthesia
- C. Nitrous oxide inhalation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nitrous oxide inhalation. This is recommended for low-risk pregnancies because it provides pain relief without affecting the baby's heart rate or the progress of labor. It is self-administered by the woman, allowing for control over the dosage. Epidural and spinal anesthesia carry potential risks and may interfere with the natural process of labor. Choosing "All of the above" (D) is incorrect as epidural and spinal anesthesia are not recommended for low-risk pregnancies due to their potential side effects.