Nokea
What is the recommended position for a child with epiglottitis to ease breathing?
- A. Supine
- B. Prone
- C. Tripod
- D. Semi-Fowler's
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Tripod.' In children with epiglottitis, the tripod position is recommended to help open the airway and ease breathing. This position involves the child sitting upright, leaning forward, and supporting themselves with their hands on their knees or another surface. This posture helps improve air entry into the lungs by maximizing the space for breathing. Choices A (Supine), B (Prone), and D (Semi-Fowler's) are incorrect. Placing a child with epiglottitis in the supine position may further obstruct the airway, while the prone position and semi-Fowler's position do not facilitate optimal air exchange in these cases.
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What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children?
- A. Dehydration
- B. Glomerulonephritis
- C. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- D. Sepsis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. While dehydration can lead to prerenal acute kidney injury, it is not the most common cause in children. Glomerulonephritis is a common cause of chronic kidney disease but not typically the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. Sepsis can lead to acute kidney injury, but in children, hemolytic uremic syndrome is more prevalent.
What is an essential nursing care intervention for a neonate with a suspected tracheoesophageal fistula?
- A. Feed glucose water only.
- B. Elevate the patient's head for feedings.
- C. Raise the patient's head and give nothing by mouth.
- D. Avoid suctioning unless the infant is cyanotic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Raising the patient's head and giving nothing by mouth is crucial in managing tracheoesophageal fistula. This intervention helps prevent aspiration and further complications until surgical correction can be performed. Feeding the neonate or suctioning could exacerbate the condition by risking aspiration. Elevating the head for feedings does not address the primary concern of preventing oral intake, making it less appropriate than the correct answer.
What is the most common cause of abdominal pain in school-aged children?
- A. Gastroenteritis
- B. Constipation
- C. Appendicitis
- D. Irritable bowel syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Constipation is the most common cause of abdominal pain in school-aged children. It is often due to dietary factors such as low fiber intake or insufficient fluid consumption. Chronic constipation can lead to complications like fecal impaction and soiling, highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment. Gastroenteritis, although common, typically presents with diarrhea and vomiting. Appendicitis is more common in adolescents and typically presents with right lower quadrant pain. Irritable bowel syndrome is less common in children and is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with defecation.
Which reflex is expected to disappear by 4 months of age?
- A. Rooting reflex
- B. Moro reflex
- C. Babinski reflex
- D. Palmar grasp
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, typically disappears by 4 months as the infant's nervous system matures. This reflex is important for assessing the development of the nervous system in newborns. The Rooting reflex (Choice A) is related to turning the head in response to cheek stimulation; the Babinski reflex (Choice C) involves the fanning of toes in response to foot stimulation; and the Palmar grasp (Choice D) is the curling of the fingers around an object placed in the infant's hand. These reflexes have different timelines for disappearance and are not typically expected to be gone by 4 months of age.
What information should the nurse include when teaching an adolescent with Crohn disease (CD)?
- A. How to cope with stress and adjust to chronic illness
- B. Preparation for surgical treatment and cure of CD
- C. Nutritional guidance and prevention of constipation
- D. Prevention of spread of illness to others and principles of high-fiber diet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Teaching about coping with stress and adjusting to chronic illness is crucial for adolescents with Crohn disease. CD is a chronic condition with no cure, so focusing on managing the disease, stress, and diet is essential for improving the adolescent's quality of life. Choice B is incorrect because Crohn disease cannot be cured surgically. Choice C is relevant but not as essential as coping with stress and chronic illness. Choice D is not a priority in teaching an adolescent with Crohn disease as it mainly focuses on preventing the spread of illness to others, which is not a significant concern with CD, and high-fiber diets may not always be suitable for individuals with this condition.