Nokea
What is the RR of dying of coronary thrombosis for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 1.2
- B. 1.3
- C. 1.4
- D. 1.5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 599 / 422 ≈ 1.42. Smokers have a 1.42 times higher risk of dying from coronary thrombosis compared to nonsmokers.
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when research topic is not novel and relevant:
- A. correct it
- B. change it
- C. read more about it
- D. review articles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a research topic lacks novelty and relevance, changing it is advisable.
Define the following terms: Controlled clinical trial
- A. A study where all participants receive the same treatment.
- B. A trial comparing an intervention against a control group.
- C. A trial without any specific hypotheses.
- D. A trial conducted without ethical approval.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled clinical trials compare interventions to a control to establish causality.
What is meant by determinants in epidemiology?
- A. Factors influencing disease occurrence.
- B. Only genetic factors.
- C. Only environmental factors.
- D. Only behavioral factors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Determinants encompass all factors—biological, environmental, and social—that contribute to disease occurrence.
Health education on early diagnosis and treatment is
- A. primary prevention
- B. secondary prevention
- C. tertiary prevention
- D. primordial prevention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection and intervention to halt or slow the progression of disease.
On which day and at which meal was exposure most likely in the norovirus outbreak among tourists?
- A. April 19 Dinner
- B. April 20 Breakfast
- C. April 20 Lunch
- D. April 20 Dinner
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Given the incubation period, dinner on April 20 aligns with symptom onset timing.