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What is the side effect caused by tyramine in foods when taking an MAOI inhibitor?
- A. Cardiac dysrrhythmias
- B. Thyroid storm
- C. Hypertensive crisis
- D. Rhabdomyolysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tyramine interacts with MAOIs to cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure, known as hypertensive crisis.
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A client is moving to a new state and needs to find a new doctor and hospital there. What advice by the nurse is best?
- A. Ask the hospitals there about standard nurse-client ratios.
- B. Choose the hospital that has the newest technology.
- C. Find a hospital that is accredited by The Joint Commission.
- D. Use a facility affiliated with a medical or nursing school.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Find a hospital that is accredited by The Joint Commission. This is the best advice because The Joint Commission accreditation ensures that the hospital meets high-quality standards in patient care, safety, and performance. Accreditation indicates the hospital's commitment to providing excellent healthcare services.
A: Asking about nurse-client ratios is important for patient safety, but it is not the most critical factor when choosing a hospital.
B: Choosing a hospital based solely on technology does not guarantee quality care or safety.
D: Using a facility affiliated with a medical or nursing school may provide access to cutting-edge research and expertise, but it does not guarantee overall quality of care provided by the hospital.
Brendan has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causing a constant state of respiratory acidosis. He has a history of chronic trimethoprim and NSAID use, leading to hyperkalemia. Which of the following are associated with hyperkalemia?
- A. Irritability,circumoral paresthesia muscle spasms tetany abdominal pain laryngospasm and prolonged QT intervals.
- B. Muscle cramps malaise diminished deep tendon reflexes anorexia constipation palpitations and rhabdomyolysis.
- C. Cardiac arrhythmia nausea vomiting constipation dehydration kidney stones muscle weakness and sinus arrest.
- D. Weakness dizziness abdominal distention nausea vomiting diarrhea palpitations and cardiac arrhythmias.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Cardiac arrhythmia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dehydration, kidney stones, muscle weakness, and sinus arrest (C). Hyperkalemia affects cardiac function, leading to arrhythmias and potentially life-threatening conditions like sinus arrest. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation are also common.
The nurse knows that a patient taught sleep hygiene practices needs further instruction when he says
- A. Once I go to bed, I should get up if I am not asleep after 20 minutes.
- B. It’s okay to have my usual two glasses of wine in the evening before bed.
- C. A couple of crackers with cheese and a glass of milk may help to relax before bed.
- D. I should go to the gym earlier in the day so that I’m done at least 6 hours before bedtime.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Alcohol disrupts sleep architecture, making it counterproductive for sleep hygiene. Getting up after 20 minutes (A) is a recommended practice, and exercising early (D) promotes better sleep.
Grace was diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism after a workup to determine the cause of her elevated calcium levels. The greatest concern in a patient with hypercalcemia would be:
- A. Cardiac arrhythmia and sinus arrest.
- B. Nausea and vomiting.
- C. Constipation and dehydration.
- D. Kidney stones and muscle weakness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Kidney stones and muscle weakness (D). Hypercalcemia is commonly associated with kidney stones due to increased calcium excretion in urine. Muscle weakness is also a common symptom due to the effect of high calcium levels on neuromuscular function.
A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy and receiving education from a healthcare provider. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I can have clear liquids up to 2 hours before the procedure.
- B. I need to take a laxative the night before the procedure.
- C. I will be sedated during the procedure.
- D. I should avoid eating solid foods for 24 hours before the procedure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the statement indicates a need for further teaching. The client should avoid solid foods for a specific period, usually 24 hours, before a colonoscopy to ensure a clear view of the colon. This helps the healthcare provider to perform the procedure effectively and reduces the risk of complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because having clear liquids up to 2 hours before, taking a laxative the night before, and being sedated during the procedure are all standard preparations for a colonoscopy and do not indicate a need for further teaching.