Cardiovascular System Exam Questions

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions related questions and content

What is the term that describes the inability of cardiac cells to respond to a new stimulus while they are still in contraction from a previous stimulus?

  • A. Refractoriness
  • B. Excitability
  • C. Contractility
  • D. Automaticity
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Refractoriness. Refractoriness refers to the period during which cardiac cells are unable to respond to a new stimulus while still contracting from a previous stimulus. This is essential for preventing premature re-stimulation and ensuring proper cardiac function.

B: Excitability refers to the ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus, which is the opposite of what is described in the question.

C: Contractility is the ability of cardiac cells to contract in response to an electrical stimulus, not related to the inability to respond to a new stimulus during contraction.

D: Automaticity is the ability of cardiac cells to spontaneously generate electrical impulses, unrelated to the inability to respond to a new stimulus during contraction.

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What is most organ damage in hypertension related to?

  • A. Increased fluid pressure exerted against organ tissue
  • B. Atherosclerotic changes in vessels that supply the organs
  • C. Erosion and thinning of blood vessels from constant pressure
  • D. Increased hydrostatic pressure causing leakage of plasma into organ interstitial spaces
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atherosclerosis impairs organ perfusion.

What is a surgical procedure to remove one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer?

  • A. Lobectomy
  • B. Pneumonectomy
  • C. Thoracotomy
  • D. Tracheostomy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lobectomy. A lobectomy involves the surgical removal of one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer localized in a specific lobe. This procedure allows for targeted removal of cancerous tissue while preserving the remaining healthy lung tissue.

Explanation for other choices:
B: Pneumonectomy - This involves the complete removal of an entire lung and is not specific to removing a lobe.
C: Thoracotomy - This is a surgical incision into the chest, not specific to removing a lobe of the lung.
D: Tracheostomy - This is a surgical procedure to create an opening in the neck to insert a tube into the trachea for breathing and is not related to removing a lobe of the lung.

The client on amiodarone reports shortness of breath. What is the nurse's best response?

  • A. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
  • B. Reassure the client that this is a common side effect.
  • C. Instruct the client to monitor their symptoms at home.
  • D. Suggest the client reduce physical activity.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Notify the healthcare provider immediately. Shortness of breath in a client on amiodarone can indicate a serious side effect such as pulmonary toxicity or interstitial lung disease. The nurse should prioritize the client's safety by promptly informing the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. This is crucial to prevent potential harm or worsening of the condition.

Summary:
- Choice B is incorrect because shortness of breath with amiodarone is not a common side effect to be reassured about.
- Choice C is incorrect as monitoring symptoms at home may delay necessary medical intervention.
- Choice D is incorrect as reducing physical activity does not address the potential serious side effect of amiodarone.

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system, leading to severe respiratory and digestive problems?

  • A. Cystic fibrosis
  • B. Pulmonary fibrosis
  • C. Pulmonary edema
  • D. Bronchiectasis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cystic fibrosis. This genetic disorder is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system. Step 1: Cystic fibrosis specifically mentions the thick, sticky mucus, which is a key characteristic of the disorder. Step 2: Pulmonary fibrosis is a different condition where lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff. Step 3: Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, not mucus. Step 4: Bronchiectasis is a condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, not specifically related to thick mucus buildup.

From where do these originate, behind the cusps of the aortic valve, in an area known as Valsalva's sinus?

  • A. Pulmonary valve
  • B. Aortic valve
  • C. Tricuspid valve
  • D. Mitral valve
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B - Aortic valve. This is because Valsalva's sinus is located behind the cusps of the aortic valve. The sinuses of Valsalva are pouch-like dilations found at the root of the aorta, just above the aortic valve. These sinuses are important in preventing backflow of blood into the heart during diastole. The other choices, A, C, and D, are incorrect because they do not originate from Valsalva's sinus. The pulmonary valve is located in the pulmonary artery, the tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.

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