Nokea
What keeps alveoli from collapsing?
- A. Carina
- B. Surfactant
- C. Empyema
- D. Thoracic cage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surfactant is a substance that prevents the collapse of alveoli by reducing surface tension, allowing them to remain open and functional during the breathing process.
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In mammals ventilation movements of lungs are governed by
- A. Muscular wall of lungs
- B. Inter costal muscles
- C. Diaphragm
- D. Diaphragm and inter coastal muscles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation by contracting and relaxing, respectively. Intercostal muscles aid in expanding and contracting the rib cage to assist in breathing. The combination of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles working together ensures efficient ventilation of the lungs in mammals. Choices A and B are incorrect because the muscular wall of the lungs and intercostal muscles alone are not solely responsible for regulating ventilation. Choice C is incorrect because the diaphragm alone does not govern ventilation movements without the assistance of the intercostal muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately reflects the coordinated effort of both the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in regulating lung ventilation.
What is the best action for the nurse to do?
- A. a. Leave the patient alone to rest in a quiet, calm environment.
- B. b. Stay with the patient and encourage slow, pursed lip breathing.
- C. c. Reassure the patient that the attack can be controlled with treatment.
- D. Let the patient know that frequent monitoring is being done using measurement of vital signs and SpO. 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best action for the nurse to do is to stay with the patient and encourage slow, pursed lip breathing. This helps the patient focus on their breathing and can help alleviate the asthma attack symptoms.
After undergoing a left pneumonectomy, a female patient has a chest tube in place for drainage. When caring for this patient, the nurse must:
- A. Monitor fluctuations in the water-seal chamber.
- B. Clamp the chest tube once every shift.
- C. Encourage coughing and deep breathing.
- D. Milk the chest tube every 2 hours.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why "Encourage coughing and deep breathing" (Choice C) is the correct answer:
1. After pneumonectomy, patient is at risk for lung complications.
2. Encouraging coughing and deep breathing helps prevent atelectasis and pneumonia.
3. It promotes lung expansion and clears secretions.
4. This intervention supports respiratory function and aids in recovery.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
A. Monitoring fluctuations in the water-seal chamber (Choice A) is important for assessing the status of the chest tube drainage, but not the immediate priority for patient care post-pneumonectomy.
B. Clamping the chest tube once every shift (Choice B) is not recommended as it can lead to complications like tension pneumothorax.
D. Milking the chest tube every 2 hours (Choice D) is unnecessary and can cause trauma to the lung tissue and increase the risk of infection.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes
- A. Emphysema
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Asthma
- D. All these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term that encompasses both emphysema and bronchitis. Emphysema is characterized by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, while bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Asthma, on the other hand, is a separate condition characterized by reversible airway obstruction. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect, as only emphysema and bronchitis fall under the category of COPD.
What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?
- A. increase surface area
- B. exchange gases
- C. maintain surface tension
- D. maintain air pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The function of the conchae in the nasal cavity is to increase surface area. By increasing the surface area of the nasal cavity, conchae help to humidify, filter, and warm the air entering the respiratory system. This ensures optimal conditions for efficient gas exchange in the lungs. Choice B (exchange gases) is incorrect because gas exchange primarily occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, not in the nasal cavity. Choice C (maintain surface tension) is incorrect as surface tension is typically associated with liquid interfaces, not with the nasal cavity. Choice D (maintain air pressure) is also incorrect because the conchae do not play a direct role in maintaining air pressure within the nasal cavity.