Nokea
What nutrition-related side effect is most likely to occur after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment?
- A. Aspiration
- B. Acid reflux
- C. Dumping syndrome
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most likely nutrition-related side effect after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment is aspiration. This is due to changes in swallowing mechanics, which can cause food or liquids to be inhaled into the lungs. While acid reflux, dumping syndrome, and diarrhea are potential side effects related to nutrition, they are not as directly connected to head and neck surgery. Acid reflux is more often related to issues with the lower esophageal sphincter, dumping syndrome is typically a complication of gastric surgery, and diarrhea can have various causes, including certain medications or gastrointestinal illnesses.
You may also like to solve these questions
Medication for treating high blood cholesterol levels should not be used for most people unless:
- A. The patient has at least three major risk factors for coronary heart disease
- B. The patient has been experiencing symptoms of coronary heart disease for at least three months
- C. The patient's medical insurance covers prescription drugs
- D. Treatment with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) alone is unsuccessful after three months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is choice D because medication for high cholesterol is typically not considered unless Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC), which include diet and exercise, have not proven effective after a three-month period. This approach ensures that lifestyle modifications are given a fair chance to lower cholesterol levels before resorting to medication. Choice A is incorrect because the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease does not dictate when to begin medication; it is about the effectiveness of lifestyle changes. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of coronary heart disease symptoms does not determine when to start medication; the focus is on the response to TLC. Choice C is incorrect because the coverage of prescription drugs by the patient's insurance does not influence the medical decision to use medication for high cholesterol; it is based on medical necessity and effectiveness of prior interventions.
Amy is a 68-year-old patient who has rheumatoid arthritis affecting her hands and feet. Which substance has been shown to reduce joint tenderness and improve mobility in some people with this type of arthritis?
- A. Alfalfa Tea
- B. Cod Liver Oil
- C. Lecithin
- D. Fish Oil
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fish oil has been identified as a substance that can help reduce joint tenderness and improve mobility in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, as it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, while Alfalfa Tea, Cod Liver Oil, and Lecithin have various health benefits, there isn't substantial evidence to suggest that they can improve conditions associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
For a patient with celiac disease, which dietary modification is necessary?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Increase dairy intake
- D. Avoid lactose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten. Patients with celiac disease have an immune reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with celiac disease to avoid gluten-containing products. Increasing protein intake (Choice A) is not specifically necessary for celiac disease management. Increasing dairy intake (Choice C) is unrelated to the dietary requirements of individuals with celiac disease. Avoiding lactose (Choice D) is relevant for individuals with lactose intolerance, not celiac disease. Therefore, the only necessary modification for a patient with celiac disease is to avoid gluten.
The major determinant of a person's total cholesterol levels is the amount of cholesterol in their diet.
- A. True
- B. False
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is false that the major determinant of a person's total cholesterol levels is the amount of cholesterol in their diet. While dietary cholesterol can have some impact on total cholesterol levels, it is not the major determinant. The amount and types of fats consumed, particularly saturated and trans fats, have a more significant impact on blood cholesterol levels. Therefore, a diet high in these types of fats can lead to high cholesterol, irrespective of the amount of dietary cholesterol consumed. This is why it is essential to maintain a balanced diet with a limited intake of saturated and trans fats.
What is a disadvantage of using a food frequency questionnaire?
- A. It does not influence the food choices of the consumer
- B. It is not affected by seasonal changes in the diet
- C. It is not effective for monitoring short-term changes in food intake
- D. It does not take too long to obtain the results
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Option C is correct because a food frequency questionnaire is designed to capture a person's typical food intake over an extended period and is not suitable for monitoring short-term changes in diet. The questionnaire's purpose is to provide insights into long-term dietary patterns rather than immediate changes. Option A is incorrect as the questionnaire does not influence food choices; it merely records them. Option B is also incorrect because, while seasonal changes can impact food availability and thereby influence diet, the questionnaire itself is not affected by these changes. Lastly, option D is incorrect as the time to obtain results from a food frequency questionnaire would depend on the respondent's speed and accuracy rather than being intrinsically linked to the questionnaire.