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What outcome needs to occur in order to claim that advocacy has been truly successful or effective?
- A. Audiences agree with a CHN who is advocating a change.
- B. Legislators discuss appropriate legislation to better allocate resources.
- C. People demand that the disenfranchised be better treated.
- D. Systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because advocacy is truly successful when systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life. This is because advocacy aims to address underlying structural issues and create sustainable, long-term improvements. Choices A, B, and C focus on initial responses or actions, but they do not necessarily lead to lasting impact or systemic change. Audiences agreeing with the CHN, legislators discussing legislation, and people demanding better treatment are important steps in advocacy, but the ultimate goal should be to bring about tangible changes at the systemic level to achieve lasting improvements in quality of life for the community.
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A team of community health nurses (CHNs) disagree about the appropriate action to take in relation to a family with an ill family member who have chosen to continue working at their jobs instead of taking time off to care for the ill family member. One CHN states, "It is the wife's responsibility to care for her ill husband." What type of thinking is this CHN applying?
- A. Consequentialism
- B. Deontological ethics
- C. Principlism
- D. Utilitarianism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deontological ethics. Deontological ethics focuses on the moral duty or obligation to act in a certain way, regardless of the consequences. In this scenario, the CHN is stating that it is the wife's responsibility to care for her ill husband based on a sense of duty or moral obligation, rather than considering the consequences or outcomes. This type of thinking aligns with deontological ethics as it emphasizes following moral principles or rules.
Incorrect choices:
A: Consequentialism - This ethical theory focuses on the outcomes or consequences of actions rather than the inherent rightness or wrongness of the actions themselves. The CHN's statement does not prioritize consequences.
C: Principlism - Principlism involves ethical decision-making based on a set of ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The CHN's statement does not directly relate to these principles.
D: Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism is
What is the most common symptom of testicular cancer?
- A. Low back pain
- B. Fatigue
- C. Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling
- D. Mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Painless, firm scrotal mass or swelling. This is the most common symptom of testicular cancer because it often presents as a painless lump or swelling in the testicle. Other choices are incorrect because low back pain (A) is not a common symptom of testicular cancer, fatigue (B) is a non-specific symptom that can occur in many conditions, and mild to moderate pressure to the scrotum (D) is not a typical symptom of testicular cancer.
Which was a very important factor in the success of early visiting nurses?
- A. The care they provided that served as a model for all later hospitals
- B. The more economical care they provided to families
- C. Their role model, Edna Moore
- D. The superb publicity campaign that was created by the health departments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because early visiting nurses were successful due to the more economical care they provided to families. Visiting nurses offered cost-effective healthcare services, making them accessible to a wider population. This affordability factor contributed to their success in providing care to those in need.
Choice A is incorrect because early visiting nurses did not necessarily serve as a model for all later hospitals. Choice C is incorrect as the success of visiting nurses was not solely dependent on a role model like Edna Moore. Choice D is incorrect because the success of visiting nurses was not primarily attributed to a publicity campaign by health departments.
What type of research should community health nurses consider when assessing culturally diverse populations?
- A. Meta-analysis
- B. Grounded theory research
- C. Participatory action research
- D. Random control studies on the entire population
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Participatory action research. Community health nurses should consider this type of research when assessing culturally diverse populations because it involves active participation from the community members themselves, ensuring their perspectives and voices are heard and integrated into the research process. This approach promotes culturally sensitive and relevant findings, leading to more effective interventions and solutions.
A: Meta-analysis is not suitable for directly engaging with culturally diverse populations.
B: Grounded theory research focuses on developing theory from data, but it may not prioritize community involvement.
D: Random control studies on the entire population may not address the specific cultural nuances and needs of diverse populations.
A client with tuberculosis (TB) wants to know why directly observed therapy (DOT) is required as part of the treatment. What community health nurse (CHN) response would be the most appropriate one?
- A. "Clients with TB are often nonadherent to their medication regimen; DOT will ensure that you take the medications prescribed to you."
- B. "This therapy is recommended by TB experts as the best way to ensure that you receive the treatment you need and that the infection doesn't become resistant to treatment."
- C. "This ensures that you get your medication even at the late stages of TB, when your memory may be affected by inadequate oxygenation to the brain."
- D. "TB medications are very expensive, and this method ensures that government health care resources are not wasted by those who will not take the medications regularly."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because directly observed therapy (DOT) is recommended by TB experts to ensure treatment adherence and prevent drug resistance. TB treatment requires strict adherence to a regimen to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. DOT involves a healthcare provider directly observing the client taking their medication to ensure compliance. Choice A addresses nonadherence but does not emphasize the importance of preventing drug resistance. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the main purpose of DOT in preventing drug resistance and ensuring treatment effectiveness.