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What patient may need laparoscopic surgery?
- A. a patient with low antral follicle count
- B. a patient with an elevated prolactin level
- C. a patient with patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingogram
- D. a patient with suspected endometriosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because laparoscopic surgery is commonly used to diagnose and treat endometriosis due to its ability to visualize and remove endometrial implants. Patients with suspected endometriosis often have symptoms like pelvic pain and infertility, making laparoscopy a suitable option for both diagnosis and treatment. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not typically require laparoscopic surgery. Low antral follicle count and elevated prolactin levels are more related to infertility evaluations, while patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingogram indicate normal tubal patency and do not necessarily warrant laparoscopic intervention.
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An expectant father asks the nurse, “Which part of the mature sperm contains the male chromosome?” What is the correct response by the nurse?
- A. X-bearing sperm
- B. The tail of the sperm
- C. The head of the sperm
- D. The middle portion of the sperm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: The head of the sperm. The head of the sperm contains the genetic material, including the male chromosome (Y chromosome). This is where the genetic information determining the sex of the offspring is located. The tail of the sperm is responsible for movement, not genetic material. X-bearing sperm would contain the female chromosome, not the male chromosome. The middle portion of the sperm does not specifically contain the genetic material related to determining the sex of the offspring.
With regard to the development of the respiratory system, maternity nurses should understand that:
- A. The respiratory system does not begin developing until after the embryonic stage.
- B. The infant's lungs are considered mature when the lecithin/sphingomyelin [L/S] ratio is 1:1, at about 32 weeks.
- C. Maternal hypertension can reduce maternal-placental blood flow, accelerating lung maturity.
- D. Fetal respiratory movements are not visible on ultrasound scans until at least 16 weeks.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A reduction in placental blood flow stresses the fetus, increases blood levels of corticosteroids, and accelerates lung maturity.
A woman asks the nurse, 'What protects my baby's umbilical cord from being squashed while the baby's inside of me?' The nurse's best response is:
- A. Your baby's umbilical cord is surrounded by connective tissue called Wharton jelly, which prevents compression of the blood vessels and ensures continued nourishment of your baby.
- B. Your baby's umbilical floats around in blood anyway.
- C. You don't need to worry about things like that.
- D. The umbilical cord is a group of blood vessels that are very well protected by the placenta.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wharton jelly surrounds the umbilical cord and prevents compression of the blood vessels.
What routine lab tests should a pregnant person have in the first trimester? Select all that apply.
- A. complete blood count (CBC)
- B. blood type and Rh factor
- C. urinalysis
- D. thyroid function tests
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: thyroid function tests. During pregnancy, thyroid function is crucial for the health of the mother and baby. Thyroid disorders can lead to complications. Testing thyroid function in the first trimester helps detect any abnormalities early.
A, B, and C are commonly performed tests in pregnancy, but they are not specific to the first trimester. A CBC helps assess overall health, blood type and Rh factor are important for identifying potential blood type incompatibilities, and urinalysis can indicate urinary tract infections or other issues. However, these tests are not unique to the first trimester and are typically done throughout pregnancy.
The nurse is providing education to a pregnant person at 10 weeks’ gestation who is experiencing nausea and vomiting. The nurse is aware the nausea and vomiting are due to which hormone produced by the placenta?
- A. relaxin
- B. human chorionic gonadotropin
- C. human placental lactogen
- D. luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). At 10 weeks' gestation, hCG is the hormone produced by the placenta responsible for nausea and vomiting, known as morning sickness. hCG levels peak around this time, coinciding with the onset of these symptoms. Relaxin (A), human placental lactogen (C), and luteinizing hormone (D) are not directly associated with causing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.