Nokea
What piece of the patient's medical history supports the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection?
- A. The patient's wife had a urinary tract infection 1 month ago.
- B. The patient has been followed for prostate disease for 2 years.
- C. The patient had intermittent catheterization 6 months ago.
- D. The patient had a kidney stone removed 1 year ago.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a history of intermittent catheterization increases the risk of urinary tract infections due to potential introduction of bacteria into the urinary system. This directly supports the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection.
A: The wife's history is irrelevant unless the patient had direct contact or shared personal items with her.
B: Prostate disease does not directly correlate with a urinary tract infection.
D: Kidney stones are not directly related to urinary tract infections unless there was an associated infection during the stone removal.
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A function of the kidney is to
- A. produce angiotensin
- B. remove microorganisms from the blood
- C. remove aged blood from the blood
- D. regulate blood ionic composition
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: regulate blood ionic composition. The kidneys help maintain the body's electrolyte balance by regulating the levels of ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium in the blood. This is crucial for proper nerve and muscle function, pH balance, and overall homeostasis.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The production of angiotensin is primarily done by the liver and lungs, not the kidneys.
B: While the kidneys help filter out waste and toxins, they do not specifically target microorganisms in the blood.
C: Removing aged blood from the blood is not a function of the kidneys; this task is mainly carried out by the spleen and liver.
In summary, the kidney's main function is to regulate blood ionic composition to maintain overall bodily functions, making choice D the correct answer.
Which of the following methods should the nurse use to assess the kidneys for tenderness or pain?
- A. By auscultating the abdomen for bruits.
- B. By lightly striking the fist at the costovertebral angle.
- C. By observing for signs of bleeding.
- D. Monitor pressure dressing to note any frank bleeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: By lightly striking the fist at the costovertebral angle. This method is known as percussion and is used to assess for kidney tenderness or pain. Percussion helps to identify any abnormalities in the kidneys or surrounding structures. Auscultation (choice A) is used to listen for sounds, not assess for tenderness. Observing for signs of bleeding (choice C) and monitoring pressure dressing (choice D) are not appropriate methods for assessing kidney tenderness or pain.
What nursing action should the nurse perform when fatigue is undergoing a comprehensive assessment caring for a patient undergoing diagnostic testing of the which includes test of renal function relating to renal-urologic system?
- A. Withhold medications until 12 hours post-testing.
- B. Ensure that the patient knows the importance of of what blood value? temporary fluid restriction after testing.
- C. Hematocrit
- D. Inform the patient of his or her medical diagnosis after
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Option B is correct because it addresses the importance of temporary fluid restriction after renal function testing, which is crucial in maintaining accurate test results. Ensuring patient understanding and compliance with fluid restriction helps prevent dilution of blood samples, leading to more accurate diagnostic outcomes.
Summary:
A: Withholding medications post-testing is not necessary for fatigue assessment related to renal function testing.
C: Hematocrit is not directly related to the temporary fluid restriction after renal function testing.
D: Informing the patient of their medical diagnosis is not relevant when assessing fatigue during diagnostic testing of renal function.
Which of the following drug is a radical curative in plasmodium vivax malaria and is used as prophylaxis for malaria at Chloroquine sensitive regions
- A. Quinine
- B. Primaquine
- C. Mefloquine
- D. Chloroquine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primaquine. Primaquine is a radical curative drug for Plasmodium vivax malaria, targeting the liver stage of the parasite to prevent relapse. It is also used as prophylaxis in Chloroquine sensitive regions due to its effectiveness against both the liver and blood stages of the parasite. Quinine (A) is mainly used for treating severe malaria. Mefloquine (C) is used for prophylaxis but not as a radical curative for Plasmodium vivax. Chloroquine (D) is effective against Plasmodium vivax but not as a radical curative.
To minimize chances of renal calculi recurring, it is important for Mr. Reed to
- A. take prophylactic antibiotics on a daily basis
- B. increase fluid intake
- C. take megadoses of vitamin C daily
- D. get adequate rest to reduce stress and enhance resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: increase fluid intake. Adequate hydration helps prevent the formation of kidney stones by diluting the substances in the urine that can lead to stone formation. Increasing fluid intake can also help flush out minerals and toxins from the kidneys.
A: Taking prophylactic antibiotics daily is not recommended for preventing renal calculi as it can lead to antibiotic resistance and potential side effects.
C: Taking megadoses of vitamin C daily can actually increase the risk of kidney stone formation as excess vitamin C can be converted into oxalate, a substance known to contribute to stone formation.
D: While adequate rest and stress reduction are important for overall health, they do not directly prevent the recurrence of renal calculi.