Nokea
When performing a scrotal assessment, the nurse notices that the scrotal contents show a red glow with transillumination. On the basis of this finding the nurse would:
- A. Assess the patient for the presence of a herni
- C. Suspect the presence of serous fluid in the scrotum.
- D. Consider this finding normal, and proceed with the examination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the patient for the presence of a hernia. When scrotal contents show a red glow with transillumination, it indicates the presence of serous fluid or air, which can occur in a hernia. A hernia can cause the scrotal contents to be illuminated due to the presence of fluid or air. Other choices are incorrect because option C is misleading as serous fluid would not cause transillumination. Option D is incorrect as this finding is not normal and requires further assessment. Option B is incomplete and not related to the finding.
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Antiviral agents that is/ are active against cytomegalovirus (CMV) include which of the following?
- A. Ganciclovir
- B. Foscarnet
- C. Acyclovir
- D. (a) and (b) are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because both Ganciclovir and Foscarnet are active against cytomegalovirus (CMV). Ganciclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, while Foscarnet inhibits viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. Acyclovir, on the other hand, is not effective against CMV as it primarily targets herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. Therefore, choices A and B are correct for CMV treatment, making option D the correct answer.
A nurses colleague has applied an incontinence pad Select all that apply.
- A. Dietary history
- B. What principle
- C. Family history of renal stones
- D. Medication history
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dietary history. Understanding the patient's dietary habits can help identify potential triggers for incontinence, such as caffeine or alcohol intake. It also provides insight into fluid intake, which can impact incontinence.
Incorrect choices:
B: What principle - This is vague and does not provide relevant information for managing incontinence.
C: Family history of renal stones - While family history can be important for certain conditions, it is not directly related to managing incontinence.
D: Medication history - While medications can sometimes contribute to incontinence, dietary factors are typically more significant in this context.
A 70 year old man has severe urinary hesitancy associated with bPH. He has * tried alpha blockers with little effect. His physician recommends a drug that blocks 5α-reductase in the prostate which is:
- A. Leuprolide
- B. Finasteride
- C. Flutamide
- D. Ketoconazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Finasteride. Finasteride inhibits 5-alpha reductase, reducing conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate. This helps shrink the prostate gland, relieving urinary symptoms in BPH. Leuprolide (A) is a GnRH agonist used for prostate cancer. Flutamide (C) is an antiandrogen for prostate cancer. Ketoconazole (D) is an antifungal, not for BPH. Finasteride is the most appropriate choice for this patient based on mechanism of action and indication.
A woman who is 8 weeks pregnant is in the clinic for a checkup. The nurse reads on her chart that her cervix is softened and looks cyanotic. The nurse knows that the woman is exhibiting ________ sign and ________ sign.
- A. Tanner; Hegar
- B. Hegar; Goodell
- C. Chadwick; Hegar
- D. Goodell; Chadwick
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Goodell; Chadwick. Goodell's sign refers to cervical softening, which is a common sign of pregnancy at 8 weeks. Chadwick's sign refers to the bluish discoloration of the cervix due to increased blood flow, also commonly seen at this stage. Tanner and Hegar signs are not relevant to the described scenario. Tanner's sign is related to breast development and Hegar's sign is related to softening of the isthmus of the uterus, not the cervix. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
A 40-year-old woman is experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent urination. The nurse suspects fibroids. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find during the pelvic examination?
- A. A smooth, enlarged uterus.
- B. A large, irregular, and tender uterus.
- C. A firm, mobile, and non-tender uterus.
- D. A hard, irregular, fixed uterus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A large, irregular, and tender uterus. Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent urination. During the pelvic examination, the nurse would expect to find a large uterus due to the presence of fibroids. The irregular shape is indicative of the growths, and tenderness may be present due to inflammation or pressure on surrounding tissues. Choices A, C, and D do not align with the typical characteristics of fibroids, making them incorrect. A smooth, enlarged uterus (A) is not characteristic of fibroids. A firm, mobile, and non-tender uterus (C) is more indicative of a normal uterus. A hard, irregular, fixed uterus (D) may suggest a different pathology, such as endometriosis.