Nokea
Which disease causes connective tissue changes that cause glomerulonephritis?
- A. Gout
- B. Amyloidosis
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Systemic lupus erythematosus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys. In SLE, the immune system attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage to the connective tissues in the kidneys, resulting in glomerulonephritis. Gout (A) is a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals, not directly related to glomerulonephritis. Amyloidosis (B) is a condition where abnormal protein deposits can accumulate in organs, but it does not primarily cause glomerulonephritis. Diabetes mellitus (C) can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a common cause of kidney damage, but it does not directly cause glomerulonephritis associated with connective tissue changes.
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When performing a scrotal assessment, the nurse notices that the scrotal contents show a red glow with transillumination. On the basis of this finding the nurse would:
- A. Assess the patient for the presence of a herni
- C. Suspect the presence of serous fluid in the scrotum.
- D. Consider this finding normal, and proceed with the examination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the patient for the presence of a hernia. When scrotal contents show a red glow with transillumination, it indicates the presence of serous fluid or air, which can occur in a hernia. A hernia can cause the scrotal contents to be illuminated due to the presence of fluid or air. Other choices are incorrect because option C is misleading as serous fluid would not cause transillumination. Option D is incorrect as this finding is not normal and requires further assessment. Option B is incomplete and not related to the finding.
What nursing action should the nurse perform when fatigue is undergoing a comprehensive assessment caring for a patient undergoing diagnostic testing of the which includes test of renal function relating to renal-urologic system?
- A. Withhold medications until 12 hours post-testing.
- B. Ensure that the patient knows the importance of of what blood value? temporary fluid restriction after testing.
- C. Hematocrit
- D. Inform the patient of his or her medical diagnosis after
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Option B is correct because it addresses the importance of temporary fluid restriction after renal function testing, which is crucial in maintaining accurate test results. Ensuring patient understanding and compliance with fluid restriction helps prevent dilution of blood samples, leading to more accurate diagnostic outcomes.
Summary:
A: Withholding medications post-testing is not necessary for fatigue assessment related to renal function testing.
C: Hematocrit is not directly related to the temporary fluid restriction after renal function testing.
D: Informing the patient of their medical diagnosis is not relevant when assessing fatigue during diagnostic testing of renal function.
A 40-year-old woman is experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent urination. The nurse suspects fibroids. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find during the pelvic examination?
- A. A smooth, enlarged uterus.
- B. A large, irregular, and tender uterus.
- C. A firm, mobile, and non-tender uterus.
- D. A hard, irregular, fixed uterus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A large, irregular, and tender uterus. Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent urination. During the pelvic examination, the nurse would expect to find a large uterus due to the presence of fibroids. The irregular shape is indicative of the growths, and tenderness may be present due to inflammation or pressure on surrounding tissues. Choices A, C, and D do not align with the typical characteristics of fibroids, making them incorrect. A smooth, enlarged uterus (A) is not characteristic of fibroids. A firm, mobile, and non-tender uterus (C) is more indicative of a normal uterus. A hard, irregular, fixed uterus (D) may suggest a different pathology, such as endometriosis.
The following drug may cure typhoid fever, but does not prevent development * of carrier state?
- A. Ceftriaxone
- B. Ciprooxacin
- C. Cotrimoxazole
- D. Chloramphenicol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chloramphenicol. It is effective in curing typhoid fever but does not prevent carrier state due to its inability to eradicate the bacteria from the gallbladder. Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, and Cotrimoxazole can also cure typhoid fever but have been shown to reduce the carrier state development. Chloramphenicol lacks this preventive property, making it the correct answer.
When caring for the patient with interstitial cystitis, what can the nurse teach the patient to do?
- A. Avoid foods that make the urine more alkaline.
- B. Use high-potency vitamin therapy to decrease the autoimmune effects of the disorder.
- C. Always keep a voiding diary to document pain, voiding frequency, and patterns of nocturia.
- D. Use the dietary supplement calcium glycerophosphate (Prelief) to decrease bladder irritation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Calcium glycerophosphate (Prelief) is a dietary supplement that helps decrease bladder irritation in patients with interstitial cystitis. It works by reducing the acidity of foods and beverages that can irritate the bladder. This can help alleviate symptoms such as bladder pain and urgency.
Avoiding foods that make the urine more alkaline (choice A) is not recommended for patients with interstitial cystitis as it can worsen symptoms. Using high-potency vitamin therapy (choice B) to decrease autoimmune effects is not a standard treatment for interstitial cystitis. Keeping a voiding diary (choice C) is helpful for tracking symptoms but does not directly address bladder irritation like calcium glycerophosphate does.