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Which statement concerning the testes is true?
- A. The lymphatic vessels of the testes drain into the abdominal lymph nodes.
- B. The vas deferens is located along the inferior portion of each testis.
- C. The right testis is lower than the left because the right spermatic cord is longer.
- D. The cremaster muscle contracts in response to cold and draws the testicles closer to the body.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The cremaster muscle contracts in response to cold and draws the testicles closer to the body. This is true because the cremaster muscle is responsible for regulating the position of the testicles in response to temperature changes to maintain optimal conditions for sperm production. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The lymphatic vessels of the testes drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes, not the abdominal lymph nodes. B: The vas deferens is a duct that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra, not located along the inferior portion of each testis. C: The difference in height between the testes is due to differences in the descent of the testes during fetal development, not the length of the spermatic cord.
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An older man is concerned about his sexual performance. The nurse knows that in the absence of disease, a withdrawal from sexual activity later in life may be attributable to:
- A. Side effects of medications.
- B. Decreased libido with aging.
- C. Decreased sperm production.
- D. Decreased pleasure from sexual intercourse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Side effects of medications. As people age, they are more likely to be on multiple medications, some of which can have side effects like erectile dysfunction or decreased libido, leading to a withdrawal from sexual activity. This is a common issue for older adults.
Choice B (Decreased libido with aging) is incorrect because while libido may decrease with age, it is not usually the sole reason for a complete withdrawal from sexual activity.
Choice C (Decreased sperm production) is incorrect as it is not directly related to a withdrawal from sexual activity in older men.
Choice D (Decreased pleasure from sexual intercourse) is incorrect as pleasure can still be experienced regardless of age, and it is unlikely to be the primary reason for withdrawal.
Which antibiotic is primarily bacteriostatic but becomes bactericidal at higher * concentrations?:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Tetracycline
- C. Chloramphenicol
- D. Ampicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chloramphenicol. At lower concentrations, Chloramphenicol is primarily bacteriostatic, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. However, at higher concentrations, it can disrupt the bacterial ribosome, leading to bacterial cell death, making it bactericidal. Erythromycin (A) and Tetracycline (B) are primarily bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis. Ampicillin (D) interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis but does not exhibit a concentration-dependent shift to bactericidal activity like Chloramphenicol.
During the examination of a full-term newborn male, a finding requiring investigation would be:
- A. Absent testes
- B. Meatus centered at the tip of the penis
- C. Wrinkled scrotum
- D. Penis 2 to 3 cm in length
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Absent testes. In a full-term newborn male, the absence of testes is a concerning finding that requires immediate investigation to rule out conditions like undescended testes or any underlying genetic abnormalities. This is crucial for ensuring normal development and future fertility.
The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Meatus centered at the tip of the penis is a normal finding in a full-term newborn.
C: Wrinkled scrotum is a common and normal variation in newborns and does not typically require immediate investigation.
D: Penis 2 to 3 cm in length is within the expected range for a full-term newborn and is not a cause for concern.
A function of the kidney is to
- A. produce angiotensin
- B. remove microorganisms from the blood
- C. remove aged blood from the blood
- D. regulate blood ionic composition
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: regulate blood ionic composition. The kidneys help maintain the body's electrolyte balance by regulating the levels of ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium in the blood. This is crucial for proper nerve and muscle function, pH balance, and overall homeostasis.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The production of angiotensin is primarily done by the liver and lungs, not the kidneys.
B: While the kidneys help filter out waste and toxins, they do not specifically target microorganisms in the blood.
C: Removing aged blood from the blood is not a function of the kidneys; this task is mainly carried out by the spleen and liver.
In summary, the kidney's main function is to regulate blood ionic composition to maintain overall bodily functions, making choice D the correct answer.
The nurse caring for a patient with suspected renal has been referred by her primary physician for further dysfunction calculates that the patients weight has evaluation. The nurse should anticipate the use of what increased by 5 pounds in the past 24 hours. The nurse initial diagnostic test?
- A. Ultrasound
- B. X-ray
- C. 1,300 mL of fluid in 24 hours
- D. Computed tomography (CT)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ultrasound. This is the appropriate initial diagnostic test for suspected renal dysfunction due to its non-invasive nature and ability to visualize the kidneys and urinary system. Ultrasound can detect abnormalities such as kidney stones or obstruction. X-ray (B) does not provide detailed imaging of the kidneys. Option C refers to fluid intake, which is not a diagnostic test. Computed tomography (CT) scan (D) involves radiation exposure and is usually reserved for more advanced imaging after initial ultrasound. Ultrasound is the most suitable choice for initial evaluation of renal dysfunction.