Nokea
What procedure is performed prior to a blood transfusion to detect incompatibilities?
- A. Grouping and crossmatching
- B. Complete blood count
- C. D-dimer test
- D. Blood clotting test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Grouping and crossmatching. This procedure involves determining the patient's blood type (grouping) and testing for compatibility with the donor blood (crossmatching). It ensures that the recipient receives compatible blood, minimizing the risk of transfusion reactions.
B: Complete blood count is not specific to detecting incompatibilities for transfusions.
C: D-dimer test is used to detect blood clotting disorders, not blood transfusion incompatibilities.
D: Blood clotting test assesses the ability of blood to clot, not compatibility for transfusions.
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Which best describes the concept of risk?
- A. The probability that an individual will develop a specific condition
- B. The impact of a health condition on an individual's life
- C. The potential for harm from a specific condition
- D. The likelihood of being exposed to a health hazard
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because risk is defined as the probability that an individual will develop a specific condition. This involves assessing the likelihood of an event occurring. Choice B focuses on the impact of a health condition, which is not the same as risk assessment. Choice C refers to the potential harm, but risk includes both the probability and potential consequences. Choice D is about exposure to health hazards, which is related to risk but doesn't fully encompass the concept. Therefore, option A best captures the essence of risk assessment.
Which is an example of a community-level intervention?
- A. Developing health policies
- B. Conducting health education programs
- C. Offering immunizations at a local clinic
- D. Implementing community-wide health campaigns
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because implementing community-wide health campaigns targets the entire community rather than individuals, making it a community-level intervention. This approach aims to create widespread behavior change and improve health outcomes across the entire community. In contrast, options A and B focus on individual or small group actions, while option C is more of a service delivery intervention at the individual level. By choosing option D, the intervention has a broader reach and impact on the community's overall health status.
What is a key objective of community health nursing?
- A. Providing curative services to the community
- B. Improving the quality of life for individuals and families
- C. Promoting health and preventing disease
- D. Conducting research to find new treatments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because community health nursing focuses on improving the quality of life for individuals and families through health promotion and disease prevention. This encompasses a holistic approach that considers social determinants of health and empowers communities to make informed decisions. Providing curative services (A) is not the primary focus of community health nursing, as it aims to prevent illness before it occurs. Conducting research (D) is important but not a key objective of direct community health nursing practice. While promoting health and preventing disease (C) is a key objective, improving the quality of life (B) captures the overarching goal of community health nursing more comprehensively.
What is a common challenge in promoting health literacy?
- A. Limited access to health resources
- B. Low literacy levels among patients
- C. Complex medical instructions
- D. Cultural barriers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Low literacy levels among patients. Health literacy refers to an individual's ability to understand and use health information. Low literacy levels can hinder a person's understanding of health-related information, leading to poor health outcomes. Limited access to health resources (A) can be a challenge, but it is not as common as low literacy levels. While complex medical instructions (C) can be a barrier, low literacy levels are more pervasive. Cultural barriers (D) can also impact health literacy, but the primary challenge is often low literacy levels among patients.
Paralysis of all or part of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs is referred to as:
- A. Hemiplegia
- B. Tetraplegia
- C. Paraplegia
- D. Hemiparesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Paraplegia. Paraplegia refers to the paralysis of the lower half of the body, including both legs and often the trunk and pelvic organs. This term specifically indicates paralysis below the waist. Hemiplegia (A) refers to paralysis on one side of the body, not the trunk and legs. Tetraplegia (B) is paralysis of all four limbs and the trunk, not specifically the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs. Hemiparesis (D) is weakness on one side of the body, not a complete paralysis of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs.