Nokea
Which of the following is an indication for tracheostomy?
- A. Drainage of pleural effusion
- B. Hemorrhage
- C. Infections
- D. Acute respiratory failure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acute respiratory failure. Tracheostomy is indicated in cases of severe respiratory compromise when the upper airway is obstructed or when long-term mechanical ventilation is needed. It ensures a patent airway and facilitates weaning from a ventilator. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as drainage of pleural effusion, hemorrhage, and infections do not typically require a tracheostomy for management.
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Which action represents a primary prevention strategy?
- A. Educating children on the importance of handwashing
- B. Administering vaccines to prevent disease
- C. Screening for early signs of disease
- D. Providing treatment for acute illnesses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, administering vaccines to prevent disease. This is a primary prevention strategy as it aims to prevent the occurrence of disease before it occurs. Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce an immune response against specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and transmission. Educating children on handwashing (A) is important for hygiene but falls under health promotion, not primary prevention. Screening for early signs of disease (C) is secondary prevention, aiming to detect disease at an early stage to prevent complications. Providing treatment for acute illnesses (D) is tertiary prevention, focusing on managing and minimizing the impact of existing conditions.
What is the primary focus of public health?
- A. Preventing disease and promoting health
- B. Providing health education
- C. Ensuring access to health care services
- D. Reducing health disparities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary focus of public health is preventing disease and promoting health. This is because public health aims to improve the overall health of populations through preventive measures such as vaccinations, health education, and policy interventions. By focusing on prevention, public health addresses the root causes of health issues and promotes well-being on a larger scale. Providing health education (choice B) is a component of public health but not the primary focus. Ensuring access to health care services (choice C) is important but falls under healthcare delivery rather than public health. Reducing health disparities (choice D) is a goal of public health but not the primary focus, as it is a part of the broader mission to promote health equity.
What action would a community health nurse take to address health disparities?
- A. Providing health education to individuals
- B. Advocating for policies that promote health equity
- C. Conducting community health assessments
- D. Offering free health screenings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because advocating for policies that promote health equity addresses the root causes of health disparities at a systemic level, leading to sustainable change. Providing health education to individuals (A) is important but may not address underlying systemic issues. Conducting community health assessments (C) is a valuable tool but alone does not directly address health disparities. Offering free health screenings (D) may improve access to care but does not tackle the broader social determinants of health that contribute to disparities. Advocating for policies that promote health equity is the most effective way for a community health nurse to create lasting change and address health disparities comprehensively.
Which action demonstrates secondary prevention?
- A. Screening for early signs of disease
- B. Providing rehabilitation services
- C. Administering medications
- D. Providing health education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, screening for early signs of disease. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent its progression. Screening helps identify diseases in their early stages, enabling timely intervention to prevent further complications. Providing rehabilitation services (B) is part of tertiary prevention for individuals already diagnosed with a disease. Administering medications (C) is a treatment approach, not specifically focused on prevention. Providing health education (D) is more aligned with primary prevention by promoting healthy behaviors to prevent the onset of diseases.
Which is an example of a policy-level intervention in community health?
- A. Implementing new treatment protocols
- B. Educating individuals about healthy behaviors
- C. Establishing community health clinics
- D. Advocating for legislative changes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, advocating for legislative changes. Policy-level interventions involve changing laws or regulations to improve community health outcomes. Advocating for legislative changes can address systemic issues and create sustainable improvements. Implementing new treatment protocols (A) is a clinical intervention. Educating individuals about healthy behaviors (B) is a behavior-level intervention. Establishing community health clinics (C) is a service-level intervention.