Nokea
What process do sex cells undergo to reproduce?
- A. Meiosis
- B. Cytokinesis
- C. Fission
- D. Mitosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sex cells, also known as gametes, undergo the process of meiosis to reproduce. Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of four genetically diverse haploid cells from a diploid cell. This reduction is essential for sexual reproduction to ensure genetic diversity in the offspring.
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Enzymes can ................. reactions.
- A. Catalyze
- B. Inhibit
- C. Stop
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enzymes function to catalyze reactions, which means they accelerate the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Enzymes do not inhibit or stop reactions; instead, they facilitate and enable reactions to occur more efficiently. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Catalyze.'
What is the function of water in photosynthesis?
- A. Combining with carbon dioxide
- B. Absorbing light energy
- C. Supplying electrons in the light reactions
- D. Transporting hydrogen ions in the dark reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Water is crucial in photosynthesis as it provides electrons during the light reactions. When water molecules are split in the light-dependent reactions, oxygen is released, and electrons are transferred to photosystem II to initiate the electron transport chain. This process is vital for the production of ATP and NADPH, which are necessary for the Calvin cycle to synthesize sugars.
What process of division do sex cells undergo?
- A. Mitosis.
- B. Binary fission.
- C. Facilitated division.
- D. Melosis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Meiosis. Sex cells undergo meiosis, which is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells). This process involves two rounds of division (meiosis I and II) resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
A: Mitosis is a form of cell division where a cell divides to produce two identical diploid daughter cells, not sex cells.
B: Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, not a process of division for sex cells.
C: Facilitated division is not a recognized term in biology and is not related to the division of sex cells.
What will happen to a hard-boiled egg if placed in a beaker of saltwater?
- A. Expand due to water moving into the egg
- B. Shrivel due to water leaving the egg
- C. Remain the same
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of saltwater, a hypertonic solution, water will move out of the egg through osmosis. The saltwater's higher solute concentration causes water to leave the egg in an attempt to balance the concentrations, resulting in the egg losing water and shrinking, leading to it shriveling.
Which term means alternate forms of a gene for the same trait?
- A. Genotypes
- B. Alleles
- C. Gametes
- D. Phenotypes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist for a given trait. For example, a gene for flower color may have a red allele and a white allele, representing the alternate forms of that gene. Genotypes refer to the genetic makeup, while phenotypes refer to the observable traits.