Nokea
What should a male client over age 50 do to help ensure early identification of prostate cancer?
- A. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test done yearly
- B. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5 years
- C. Perform monthly testicular self-examinations, especially after age 50
- D. Have a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For male clients over age 50, early identification of prostate cancer involves a combination of regular digital rectal examination and PSA test. The digital rectal examination allows a healthcare provider to manually assess the size, shape, and consistency of the prostate gland, looking for any abnormalities such as nodules or hard areas that may indicate prostate cancer. The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood, with elevated levels potentially signaling the presence of prostate cancer. Yearly screening using both these methods increases the chances of early detection and optimal management of prostate cancer in older male clients. Regular monitoring helps in identifying the disease at an earlier, more treatable stage, improving outcomes and prognosis.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate when a patient returns to his or her room after a bronchoscopy?
- A. Order a meal because the patient has been nil per os (NPO) for 8 hours.
- B. Encourage fluids to flush dye from the patient's system.
- C. Monitor the patient for return to consciousness.
- D. Check for a gag reflex before allowing the patient to drink.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After a bronchoscopy procedure, it is essential to check for the presence of a gag reflex before allowing the patient to drink. This is crucial to prevent aspiration, as the gag reflex helps protect the airway by triggering swallowing and preventing foreign material from entering the lungs. Allowing the patient to drink without assessing the gag reflex could lead to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, checking for the gag reflex is an appropriate nursing action to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient after a bronchoscopy.
A patient is hemorrhaging from multiple trauma sites. The nurse expects that compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause all of the following symptoms except:
- A. Hypertension
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Oliguria
- D. Tachypnea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient experiencing hemorrhage from multiple trauma sites leading to hypovolemia, compensatory mechanisms typically include an increase in heart rate (tachycardia), a decrease in urine output (oliguria), and an increase in respiratory rate (tachypnea). These mechanisms are the body's way of trying to maintain vital organ perfusion in the setting of decreased blood volume. However, hypertension is not typically seen in the setting of hypovolemia. In fact, blood pressure tends to decrease as a result of reduced circulating volume.
The nurse recognizes that the major early problem for Mr. Gabatan will be:
- A. Bladder control
- B. Quadriceps setting
- C. Client education
- D. Use of aids for ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The major early problem for Mr. Gabatan will likely be quadriceps setting. Quadriceps setting exercises are important for preventing muscle weakness and atrophy, especially after surgery or prolonged immobility. Strengthening the quadriceps muscles is essential for maintaining proper knee function, stability, and overall mobility. It is a crucial aspect of early rehabilitation and recovery for patients, particularly after orthopedic procedures such as joint replacements or fractures. Maintaining and improving quadriceps strength will also play a significant role in promoting Mr. Gabatan's independence and mobility during his recovery process.
The nurse is teaching parents about prevention of urinary tract infections in children. Which factor predisposes the urinary tract to infection?
- A. Increased fluid intake
- B. Short urethra in young girls
- C. Prostatic secretions in males
- D. Frequent emptying of the bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One of the factors that predisposes the urinary tract to infection is a short urethra in young girls. The shorter urethra compared to boys makes it easier for bacteria to travel up the urinary tract and cause infections. This anatomical difference in young girls increases their susceptibility to urinary tract infections compared to boys. In boys, the longer length of the urethra provides a natural barrier for bacteria to enter the bladder, reducing the risk of infection.
An adolescent asks the nurse what causes primary dysmenorrhea. The nurse's response should be based on which statement?
- A. It is an inherited problem.
- B. Excessive estrogen production causes uterine pain.
- C. There is no physiologic cause; it is a psychological reaction.
- D. There is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation that occurs without any underlying gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis. The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is related to the release of prostaglandins during menstruation. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that act as chemical messengers in the body, causing the uterus to contract and shed its lining during menstruation. High levels of prostaglandins can lead to increased uterine muscle contractions, resulting in pain. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the adolescent that there is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility as the cause of primary dysmenorrhea.