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What should a nursing intervention to promote parent-newborn attachment include?
- A. Delaying parent-newborn interactions until the second period of reactivity
- B. Explaining individual differences among newborns to the parents
- C. Alleviating stress for parents by decreasing their participation in the newborn's care
- D. Allowing a newborn to fuss for a period of time before soothing by holding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nursing intervention to promote parent-newborn attachment should include explaining individual differences among newborns to the parents. This is important because understanding a newborn's unique characteristics, behaviors, and needs can help parents feel more confident and responsive in caring for their baby. By educating parents about individual differences, nurses can empower them to create a strong bond with their newborn and provide appropriate care based on the baby's specific cues and signals. This can lead to a positive and nurturing parent-newborn relationship, which is crucial for the baby's development and well-being.
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An adult is being taught about a healthy diet. How can the food pyramid help guide the client on his diet?
- A. By indicating exactly how many servings of each group to eat
- B. By calculating how many calories the client should have
- C. By suggesting daily food choices
- D. By dividing the food into four basic groups
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The food pyramid can help guide the client on his diet by suggesting daily food choices. The food pyramid categorizes different food groups based on their nutritional compositions and recommended daily servings. By following the food pyramid, the client can make informed choices about what types and amounts of food to consume each day to achieve a balanced and healthy diet. The visual representation of the food pyramid also helps in understanding the relative proportions of different food groups that are part of a nutritious diet.
Which of the following responses indicates sympathetic nervous system function?
- A. Tachycardia, dilated pupils
- B. Hypoglycaemia, headache
- C. Increased peristalsis, abdominal cramping
- D. Pupil constriction, bronchoconstriction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response. Tachycardia (increased heart rate) and dilated pupils are classic responses of the sympathetic nervous system activation during times of stress or danger. These physiological responses prepare the body for action, such as running away from a threat.
The parent of a 7-year-old with continued bed-wetting at night says they've tried getting the child up at 11:30 p.m. Which is the best next step?
- A. There is a medication (DDAVP) that may help decrease urine volume.
- B. Be firm and show how much work is involved in changing sheets.
- C. Limit fluids in the evening and consider a reward system for dry nights.
- D. Bed-wetting alarms are available and effective.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reducing evening fluids and using positive reinforcement (reward system) are effective and developmentally appropriate strategies.
During the first 4 days of hospitalization, Eric, age 18 months, cried inconsolably when his parents left him, and he refused the staff's attention. Now the nurse observes that Eric appears to be "settled in" and unconcerned about seeing his parents. The nurse should interpret this as which statement?
- A. He has successfully adjusted to the hospital environment.
- B. He has transferred his trust to the nursing staff.
- C. He may be experiencing detachment, which is the third stage of separation anxiety.
- D. Because he is "at home" in the hospital now, seeing his mother frequently will only start the cycle again.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Eric's change in behavior from crying inconsolably and refusing staff attention to now appearing settled and unconcerned about his parents leaving indicates that he has successfully adjusted to the hospital environment. This adaptation is a positive sign that Eric has become more comfortable with his surroundings and has developed a sense of security within the hospital setting. As a result, the nurse can interpret this change as Eric successfully acclimating to his new environment.
The physical abuse of children by parents affects children of all ages. It is estimated that 1% to 2% of children are physically abused during childhood and that significant number of them are fatally injured each year. Of the following, the second LEADING cause of mortality from physical abuse is
- A. rib fractures
- B. head trauma
- C. abdominal injury
- D. hot tap water burn
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Head trauma is a leading cause of mortality in abused children, as it can result in severe brain damage or death.