Nokea
What should the client at risk for developing AIDS be advised to do?
- A. Abstain from anal intercourse
- B. Have a semen analysis done
- C. Have an ELISA test for antibodies
- D. Inform all sexual contacts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client at risk for developing AIDS, which is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), should be advised to have an ELISA test for antibodies to check for the presence of the virus. ELISA is a standard blood test used for HIV screening because it can detect antibodies produced by the body in response to HIV infection. Early detection through testing is crucial to initiate treatment interventions and prevent further transmission of the virus. It is important for the client to undergo this test to determine their HIV status and receive appropriate medical care and support.
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Parents tell the nurse that their 1-year-old son often sleeps with them. They seem unconcerned about this. The nurse's response should be based on which statement?
- A. Children should not sleep with their parents.
- B. Separation from parents should be completed by this age.
- C. Daytime attention should be increased.
- D. This is a common and accepted practice, especially in some cultural groups.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct response is D because it acknowledges that co-sleeping with children, especially infants and toddlers, is a common and accepted practice in various cultural groups. Co-sleeping can have benefits such as promoting bonding and facilitating breastfeeding. However, it is essential for the nurse to educate the parents on safe sleep practices to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) or other sleep-related accidents. It is important to provide guidance on creating a safe sleep environment for the child if they continue co-sleeping.
A woman sees her primary care provider because of extreme fatigue for the past 2 months; she difficulty lifting even light objects. Her physician suspects myasthenia gravis. Which of the ff. tests should the nurse anticipate to confirm this diagnosis?
- A. Mestinon test
- B. Pulmonary function studies
- C. Quinine tolerance test
- D. Tensilon test
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Tensilon test is used to confirm the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, a condition characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. In this test, the medication Tensilon (also known as edrophonium) is administered intravenously. If the patient has myasthenia gravis, there will be a rapid but temporary improvement in muscle strength after the Tensilon injection. This response helps to differentiate myasthenia gravis from other causes of muscle weakness. The other options mentioned (Mestinon test, pulmonary function studies, and quinine tolerance test) do not specifically confirm the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.
What is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting?
- A. Iron
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting. When there is a cut or injury that causes bleeding, the body's clotting process is initiated to stop the bleeding. Calcium ions play a crucial role in several steps of the clotting cascade, helping to activate various clotting factors and promoting the formation of a stable blood clot. Without sufficient calcium, the blood would not be able to clot properly, leading to potential complications with excessive bleeding.
Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities of childhood ALL carries the highest risk of relapse despite intensive chemotherapy?
- A. t(9;22)
- B. t(4;11)
- C. hypodiploidy
- D. t(1;19)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22)) is associated with a high risk of relapse in ALL.
An obese Hispanic client, age 65, is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement about diabetes mellitus is true?
- A. Nearly two-thirds of client with diabetes mellitus are over age
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects people of all ages, but the prevalence increases with age. As people get older, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus also increases. Research has shown that nearly two-thirds of individuals with diabetes are over the age of 60. Age is a significant risk factor for developing diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, which is more common in older individuals. Therefore, the statement "Nearly two-thirds of clients with diabetes mellitus are over the age of 60" is true.