Nokea
What should the nurse do to help the dysphagic patient?
- A. Sit the patient upright.
- B. Reduce distraction during mealtime.
- C. Offer fluid from a straw.
- D. Thicken liquids.
- E. Cue the patient to swallow.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Offering fluids using a straw increases the possibility of choking or aspiration. All other options would be beneficial to the dysphagic patient.
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When communicating with an older adult patient, the nurse becomes aware of the fact that the patient is well satisfied with his accomplishments over a lifetime and has no regrets concerning aging. Which of Erikson's developmental stages has the patient achieved?
- A. Acceptance
- B. Withdrawal
- C. Ego integrity
- D. Interaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The last stage of life is acceptance of life and it results in ego integrity.
When communicating with an older adult patient who has difficulty hearing, how should the nurse change her speech?
- A. Speak very loudly
- B. Speak rapidly
- C. Lower the tone of the voice
- D. Raise the tone of the voice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To communicate with a patient with a hearing loss, the nurse should lower the tone of the voice.
A change of aging related to the circulatory system includes decreased blood vessel elasticity. For what should the nurse assess?
- A. Confusion
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Retained secretions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The blood vessels become less elastic because of aging and may lead to increased blood pressure.
To help prevent falls related to muscle weakness, what type of exercises should be selected for the aging patient?
- A. Daily
- B. Running
- C. Weight-bearing
- D. Aerobic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Appropriate interventions to increase muscle strength begin with weight-bearing exercises. They do not have to be done daily to be effective. Running and aerobic exercise would not be appropriate or effective for the aging patient.
The older adult female patient is concerned about incontinence when she sneezes. What is the correct terminology for this type of incontinence?
- A. Urge incontinence
- B. Stress incontinence
- C. Overflow incontinence
- D. Functional incontinence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stress incontinence results from increased abdominal pressure, which occurs with coughing or sneezing. Urge incontinence occurs after a sudden urge to void and is associated with cystitis, tumors, stones, and CNS disorders. Overflow incontinence is associated with diabetic neuropathy and spinal cord injuries. Functional incontinence results from unwillingness or inability to get to the toilet.