Nokea
Because thin skin and lack of subcutaneous fat predisposes the older adult to pressure injuries, the nurse alters the care plan to include turning the bedfast patient how often?
- A. Once every shift
- B. Every 4 hours
- C. Each evening
- D. Every 2 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pressure injuries can be avoided by repositioning the patient every 2 hours.
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What is the most common cause of dementia?
- A. Multi infarct
- B. Medications
- C. Alzheimer's disease
- D. Parkinson disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia.
The nurse is assisting an older adult patient out of bed when suddenly the patient begins to fall. What is the likely cause of the fall?
- A. Fever
- B. Orthostatic hypotension
- C. Dehydration
- D. A decrease in venous return
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension occurs when the patient changes position. In the older adult, the loss of elasticity in the vessels slows the vascular accommodation to sudden postural changes to a standing position.
What is a major difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis is degenerative.
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis only affects patients over 40 years of age.
- C. Rheumatoid arthritis is inflammatory.
- D. Rheumatoid arthritis is curable.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease; osteoarthritis is degenerative. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect patients at any age. Neither type of arthritis is curable.
The older adult female patient is concerned about incontinence when she sneezes. What is the correct terminology for this type of incontinence?
- A. Urge incontinence
- B. Stress incontinence
- C. Overflow incontinence
- D. Functional incontinence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stress incontinence results from increased abdominal pressure, which occurs with coughing or sneezing. Urge incontinence occurs after a sudden urge to void and is associated with cystitis, tumors, stones, and CNS disorders. Overflow incontinence is associated with diabetic neuropathy and spinal cord injuries. Functional incontinence results from unwillingness or inability to get to the toilet.
An older adult is having difficulty swallowing. What position should the nurse recommend to aid in swallowing?
- A. Chin parallel
- B. Chin upward
- C. Chin down
- D. Chin to the side
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The upright position, leaning slightly forward with the chin down, improves swallowing with the assistance of gravity.