Nokea
What should the school nurse recommend when encouraging a heart-healthy diet for a child with high cholesterol?
- A. A fat intake reduction of 5-10% of total calories
- B. A fat intake reduction of 10-15% of total calories
- C. A fat intake reduction of 15-20% of total calories
- D. A fat intake reduction of 25-35% of total calories
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a child with increased cholesterol, a fat reduction of 25-35% of total calories with less than 75 saturated fat and less than 200 mg of cholesterol per day is advised.
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What is the age-predicted maximum heart rate in a 60-year old man on beta blockers?
- A. 122
- B. 133
- C. 155
- D. 166
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta blockers reduce the maximum heart rate. The age-predicted maximum heart rate for a 60-year-old on beta blockers is approximately 122 bpm.
The tricuspid valve is in closed position corresponding to which of the following curves of central venous pressure:
- A. a' wave
- B. x descent
- C. x' descent
- D. y descent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tricuspid valve is closed during the x descent of the central venous pressure curve.
Patients with a small PDA have the following criteria EXCEPT
- A. asymptomatic risk for endocarditis
- B. normal peripheral pulses
- C. normal pulmonary artery pressure
- D. normal life expectancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Small PDAs typically have a low risk for endocarditis.
One of the following is a characteristic physical finding in patients with an ASD
- A. a right precordial bulge
- B. a fixed splitting of the second heart sound
- C. a systolic ejection heart murmur
- D. a short, mild left mid-diastolic murmur
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fixed splitting of the second heart sound is a hallmark of an atrial septal defect.
The differential diagnosis of the patient includes all of the following EXCEPT
- A. rheumatic fever
- B. SLE
- C. chronic atrial fibrillation
- D. postmeningococcal immune complexes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic atrial fibrillation is unlikely in an 8-year-old with acute onset symptoms.